nakul rana: DOD RAJPUT- DOAD/DODA/DODIA/DODIYA

JAI SHANKAR JI

JAI MAA JWALA JI

Doad ( डोड ) is a clan of Rajput Chandravansh. Which in history known & recorded under as dod rajput ..

Dod Rajput is among twelve Rajput tribe (out of the total Chattis Rajkul - 36 Royal Rajput lineages ) which belong to the family of Krishna call themselves “Chandarbansi”.

RAJPUTS

राजपुत्रौ कुशलिनौ भरातरौ रामलक्ष्मणौ

सर्वशाखा मृगेन्द्रेण सुग्रीवेणाभिपालितौ

The two brothers, rajaputra Rama and Lakshmana, fare well protected by Sugriva, the lord of all monkeys.

(Mahabharata, Ramopakhayana, 3.266.61)

स राजपुत्रो ववृधे आशु शुक्ल इवोडुपः

आपूर्यमाणः पितृभिः काष्ठाभिरिव सोऽन्वहम्

As the moon, in its waxing fortnight, develops day after day, so the rajaputra [Parikshit] very soon developed luxuriantly under the care and full facilities of his guardian grandfathers.

(Srimad Bhagavatam, 1.12.311)

शूर बाहुषु लॊकॊ ऽयं लम्बते पुत्र वत सदा

तस्मात सर्वास्व अवस्थासु शूरः संमानम अर्हति || 17

न हि शौर्यात परं किं चित तरिषु लॊकेषु विद्यते

शूरः सर्वं पालयति सर्वं शूरे परतिष्ठितम || 18

Arms of the brave (kshatriya) always support and sustain the people like (a father his) son.

A brave (kshatriya) is, for this reason, honoured by all, in all situations.

There is nothing in all the three worlds, which is beyond (the reach of) bravery.

Brave (kshatriya) sustains all, and all depend upon the brave.

(Mahabharata, Shanti Parva, 99. 17-18)

Rajput is from the Sanskrit word Raja-Putra (son of a king. The word is found in ancient texts, including the Vedas, the Ramayana, and theMahabharata. It was used by the ancient Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini in the 4th century BCE. The word Kshatriya ("warrior") was used for theVedic community of warriors and rulers. To differentiate royal warriors froym other Kshatriyas the word Rajputra was used. Rajputra eventually was shrtened to Rajput; gradually it became a caste. Rajputs belong to one of three great patrilineages, which are Suryavanshi,Chandravanshi and Agnivanshi .divided into the Chattis Rajkul - 36 Royal Rajput lineages

Suryavansha

The Suryavanshi, which means Sun Dynasty, claim descent from Surya, the solar deity. The Sun Dynasty is oldest among Kshatriyas. The first person of this dynasty was Vivasvan, which means the Fire Bird. Ikshvaku was the first important king of this dynasty. Other important kings were Kakutsth Harishchandra, Sagar, Dileepa, Bhagiratha, Raghu, Dashratha, and Rama. The poet Kalidasa wrote the great epicRaghuvaṃśa about the dynasty of Raghu. Rajput Suryavanshi clans that claim descent from Rama are the Pratiharas, Raghav, Sikarwar, Jamwals, Pundirs, Sisodias, Rathores, Hill Chauhans, Bargujars, Minhass, Vardhans, Kachwaha and narde etc.

Chandravanshi

The Chandravanshi, which means Moon Dynasty, claim descent from Chandra, the lunar deity. This Lunar Dynasty is very ancient, but is younger than the Sun Dynasty. Som was the first king of this dynasty. Other important kings were Pururawa, Nahush, Yayati, Dushyant,Bharata, Kuru, Shantanu, and Yudhishthir. The ancient text Harivamsa gives details of this dynasty and the Suryavanshi.The Yaduvanshi lineage, claiming descent from the Hindu god Krishna and from Yadu, eldest son of Yayati, are a major sect of the Chandravanshi. Rajput Chandravanshi clans that claim descent from Krishna and Yadu are the Bhati, Jadaun, Doad, Jadeja, Yadavs, Tanwar, Salaria, and Katoch

THE AGNI PURAN EPISODE OF AGNI KUND

according to legend, as found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doadd in bhavishya purana(an ancient religious text), many but not all of the traditional kshyatriyes of the land were exterminated by parashurama, an avatar of vishnuthe sage vashishta performed a great yagna(ritual of sacrifice) at mount abu, at the time of emperor ashoka's sons(ashoka died around 232 bce).from the influence of mantras of the vedas,,First a man arose dramatically out of 'Agni Kund'.When the Kshatriyas by adopting Buddhism became non-martial and alsostarted disregarding Vedas, Shastras and other religious scriptures,the Brahmins started this 'Yagya' at Mount Abu situated near thekingdoms of Gujars kings, to refine the Kshatriyas and safeguard thereligion. There was a huge congregation of Brahmins who brought withthem the idols of Rishis, Munis, Brahma, Vishnu and other Hindu gods.The Brahmins recited 'Ahutis' against Budh killing devils.When the Kshatriyas by adopting Buddhism became non-martial and alsostarted disregarding Vedas, Shastras and other religious scriptures,the Brahmins started this 'Yagya' at Mount Abu situated near thekingdoms of Gujars kings, to refine the Kshatriyas and safeguard thereligion. There was a huge congregation of Brahmins who brought withthem the idols of Rishis, Munis, Brahma, Vishnu and other Hindu gods.The Brahmins recited 'Ahutis' against Budh killing devils.He had the countenance of a brave man and was called Parmar. Thencame a second person and he was named 'Pratihar. The third personrose from the palm of the priest and was called 'Chalukya'. He wasalso a brave man- the fourth person who emerged through this processwas big built, broad chested man, with a wide forehead and radianteyes. Due to his impressive personally, he was called 'CHAUMUKHA' orCHAUHAN. He had a bow and arrow in his hands with which he started ageneral massacre of petty islamic invaders . By the side of (Agni Kund' there

was a heap of Plantain leaves and shoots (Dodies). A man came out ofthis and was called 'DOD' Rajputs.All these brave, creatures of Agni Kund, then slayed theislamic 'Rakshashs' (Demons).After this the skies resounded with cheers of victory and godsshowered flowers from the sky. Gratified, the gods and goddessesreturned to their sacred abodes and the Brahmins had a hearty feastbeside the dead bodies.

Back to history:-

Dod Rajput is among twelve Rajput tribe (out of the total Chattis Rajkul - 36 Royal Rajput lineages ) - which belong to the family of Krishna call themselves “Chandarbansi". In seventh or eight century A.D., a Yadav tribe (which was also “Chandarbansi) ruled over Orissa(odissa) orginally renamed to THE ODRA KINGDOM in 15th century which also traces its roots With mahabharat period

Another accounts runs thus :-

Daradas were a people who lived north and north-west to the Kashmir valley. This kingdom is identified to be the Gilgit region in Kashmir along the river Sindhu or Indus. They are often spoken along with the Kambojas. The Pandava hero Arjuna had visited this country of Daradas during his northern military campaign to collect tribute for Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice.

Location of Daradas

The Vayu Purana, Brahmanda Purana and Vamana Purana mention the Daradas with the Kambojas, Chinas, Tusharas and the Bahlikas etc. The Bhuvankosha of the Puranas locates the Daradas, Kambojas, Barbaras, Bahlikas, Lampakas etc. in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. e.g.:

ete desha udichyastu

Kambojah Daradashchaiva Barbarashcha Angalaukikah ||

Chinashchaiva Tusharashcha Pahlavadhayata narah |[1]

Puranas also refer to river Sindhu as watering the lands of Daradas, Gandharas and the Aurasas (Ursas).

Brhatsamhita groups the Daradas with the Abhisaras and the Tanganas.

Mahabharata also mentions the Daradas as neighbors to the Kambojas and Bahlikas.[2]

Mahabharata locates the country of Daradas in the Himavata-Pradesa.

Ptolemy refers to the Daradas as living below the sources of the Indus River.

Herodotus refers to the Daradas as Dadicae and groups them with the Gandharas and the Aparytae (Afridis?). Herodotus and Strabo also connect the Daradas with the gold producing area located in the west of Tibet. There is an evidence that the Daradas, in ancient times, had their colonies located in Baltistan and Leh also.

All the above references locate the Daradas in Uttarapatha as neighbors to Kambojas of Kashmir-Nuristan.

Horses of Daradas

Brahmanda Purana refers to the horses from Darada country.

Daradas in Brahatsamhita of Varahamihira

The Daradas are mentioned with the Shakas, Yavanas, Paradas and the Kambojas in the 6th-century AD Brhatsamhita of Varahamihira. They are also mentioned with the Abhisaras in the same text as living on the borders of Kashmir.

Daradas in Tibetan chronicles

The Daradas are mentioned in the Tibetan chronicle Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzah (The Excellent Kalpa-Vrksa), along people like the Yavanas, Kambojas, Tukharas, Hunas, Khasas etc.

Rajatarangini references to Daradas

According to ancient text Rajatarangini of Kalhana, a Sanskrit text from the north, king Lalitaditya Muktapida of Kashmir undertakes to reduce his neighbing countries. He launches war expedition onto the region of north from Kashmir and first he fights with the Kambojas and deprives them of their horses. Immediately after the Kambojas, he meets the Tukharas. Tukharas do not give him fight, but run away even abandoning their horses in the field. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakorum/Himalaya. the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively.

Kalhana names several Darada rulers: Acalamangala, during the reign of Ananta of Kashmir, AD 1028 to AD 1063, Vidhyadhara Shahi during the reign of Harsa, 1089–1101 AD, Jagaddala during the reign of Uccala, AD 1101 to AD 1111, Manidhara during the reign of Sussala, AD 1112 to AD 1120), and Yasodhara during the reign of Jayasimha, AD 1128 to AD 1149.

Epigraphic References to Daradas

Three inscriptions on rocks along the Indus and Gilgit Rivers in the southern reaches of the Karakoram provide the earliest epigraphic references to Darada kings. The first inscription is found on rocks where the present-day road between Gilgit and Skardu crosses the Gilgit River, over a bridge known as the Alam bridge, now called the Farhad bridge. The inscription is in poor Kharoshthi, and Fussman has read "daradaraya", meaning "King of the Daradas". The second inscription is found at Chilas Terrace, near to Chilas village along the Indus River, south of the junction of the Gilgit River and the Indus River. It is in Brahmi script. Hinuber has published a transliteration srir daranmaharajavaisrava, which he interprets as daran-maharaja "great king of Daran" or "great king of the Daradas" (1989:57-8). A third inscription is immediately below the Thalpan bridge over the Indus River on the Thalpan side of the bridge. It is also in Brahmi script. Hinuber publishes a transliteration of daratsu maharaja sri vaisravanasena ssatrudamanah, which he translates as "The glorious Vaisravanasena, the subduer of enemies, great King in the land of the Daradas" (1989:59). Hinuber has interpreted these Brahmi inscriptions as referring to the same king Vaiaravanasena, and dates them to the 4th or 5th centuries AD. He remarks that this king "is the second oldest king of the Daradas known by name, preceded only by the daradaraya mentioned at Alam bridge in a Kharoshthi inscription" (1989:59). These inscriptions appear to be the only known self-reference to a Darada people.

Daradas in present times

The ethnonym of ancient Daradas has survived in present times as Dar people in kashmir.

Dhar (Kashmiri: धर (Devanagari), دھر (Nastaleeq)), also spelled Dar (Kashmiri: डार (Devanagari), ڈار (Nastaleeq)), is a Kashmiri surname (kram), of Brahmin origin, found among individuals native to the Kashmir Valley of India, as well as Kashmiri émigrés who have migrated to the Punjab, a region divided between India and neighbouring Pakistan. The caste name is shared among both Hindus and Muslims. The Dhar kram originates from the honorific given to a village head, strongman or a warlord of a jagir. This honorific was prevalent during the 12th Century A.D. and remained in vogue up until the 14th Century A.D. In antiquity, many Dhars migrated to Gauda, and a large amount later returned to the Kashmir Valley. Nevertheless, to this day, there are many Dhars who are found in that region of Bengal, they belong to different castes (mainly Kayastha and Baniks and sometimes Brahmin or Baidya).

The name Doda is derived from the Pali or Sanskrit words Dora (Ura) or Dodra Desaor Sumera or Dodra Visaya The earliest epigraphic reference to Dodras is found in the Soro copper plate grant of Somadatta from which it is clear that Uttara Tosali with its visaya Sarepahara identified with Soro of Balasaur (baleshwar) district was part of Dodra Visaya, That is why they began to be called deoda (or Deorha: which means 1 ½ ). As pronounced as “Doda” or “dod”By the side of (Agni Kund' there was a heap of Plantain leaves and shoots (Dodies). A man came out of this called dodi kshatriya and was called later being known as 'DOD' Rajputs.. At the beginning of 9th century, As dod king moved on he progressed towards Delhi by passing through Garh Mandala (a small city in the district Bhilwara in Rajastan). On his way from Orissa to Delhi, he had to fight many battles. He defeated all his enemies and finally managed to arrive in Delhi. At that time, Delhi was ruled by Tur's tribe. A battle took place between the Dod's and Turks in the region of Delhi. The Turs were defeated in that battle.

(According to Mahendra Singh Khetasar, “Prithvimal sat on the throne of Delhi under the changing circumstances of northern India. By this time the Pala Emperor Of North India Dharmapala Son of Doda Devi had consolidated his position. He hoisted his victory over a large area of northern India around 800 AD. He conquered the territories named Bhoj, Matsya, Madra, Kuru, Yadu, Yavan, Avanti, Gandhara and Kiir. " (Political and Cultural History of Tanwar (Tomar) Dynasty) According to the fame of Muhnot Nainasi, "Emperor Dharmapala of Gauda defeated King Prithimalal of Delhi after that the Palas of Bengal came into suzerainty." Even the Palas were feudal. Later on, the prosperous Pala Empire, like the Maurya Empire, declined due to the war of secession and non-violence)

A historian wrote the following lines in Pitchasi (the old Punjabi ) related to the above-mentioned military expedition of the Dod's:

Orissa se chrhiya deo chand baryahan tika ae

Tur Raja auliyan jo thake fauj rachae.

Tur chhadde nathke jo mil baithe hai,

Dod Garh Muktsar men jo mile chare thaon.

The Lord of north India with his Prince Deo Chand with his army progressed towards Kamboja(afghanistan). They conquered the town of Garh Muktsar and its surroundings in the present-day Ferozepur district n established DODA (near present day bhatinda).

Establish region with most fertile land area of india conquered adjourning area it towards to top himalyan region of mountains peaks of doda kishtwar they rule n streches till russia or present tibet. After all these conquests, he finally established his empire in Doaba. He chose Jaijon as the capital of his empire. Raja Deo Chand's descendant Raja Jai Chand gave his name to the town of Jaijon which was still the capital of his empire.

According to District and Status Gazetteer p. 423, the Dod Rajputs, in these days, founded the town of Mansowal (in east Garhshankar, at the center of the plains of Shivalik mountains). They also constructed a fort in that town, because of which, the town sometimes is referred to as Garhi or Garrhi Mansowal.

annother account runs thus:-

DEVAPALA- ( EMPEROR )

Pala empire with neighbours

Tenure 9th century

Predecessor Dharamapala

Successor Shurapala

Spouse Mahata Devi

Father Dharamapala

Devapala (9th century) was the most powerful ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent. He was the third king in the line, and had succeeded his father Dharamapala. Devapala expanded the frontiers of the empire by conquering the present-day Assam and Orissa. The Pala inscriptions also credit him with several other victories, but these claims are exaggerated.

Reign

Devapala was the third king in the line, and had succeeded his father Dharamapala. His mother was Rannadevi, a Rashtrakuta princess.:178 Earlier historians considered Devapala as a nephew of Dharmapala, based on the Bhagalpur copper plate of Narayanapala, which mentions Devapala as Jayapala's purvajabhrata (interpreted as "elder brother"). Jayapala is mentioned as the son of Dharmapala's brother Vaghpala in multiple Pala inscriptions. However, the discovery of the Munger (Monghyr) copper inscription changed this view. This particular inscription clearly describes Devapala as the son of Dharmapala.

Expansion of the Pala Empire

Devapala launched military compaigns under his cousin and his general Jayapala, who was the son of Dharmapala's younger brother Vaghpala. These expeditions resulted in the invasion of Pragjyotisha (present-day Assam) where the king submitted without giving a fight and the Utkala (present-day Orissa) whose king fled from his capital city.

The highly exaggerated Badal Pilllar inscription of his descendant Narayanapala states that Devpala's empire extended upto the Vindhyas, the Himalayas, and the two oceans (presumably the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal). It also claims that Devpala exterminated the Utkalas (present-day Orissa), conquered the Pragjyotisha (Assam), shattered the pride of the Hunas, humbled the lords of Gurjara and the Dravidas. These claims are exaggerated, but cannot be dismissed entirely: the neighbouring kingdoms of Rashtrakutas and the Gurjara-Pratiharas were weak at the time, and may have been subdued by Devapala.

The "Gurjaras" in the inscription refers to the Gurjara-Pratiharas led by Mihira Bhoja I. The Hunas probably refers to a principality in North-West India. "Dravida" is generally believed to be a reference to the Rashtrakutas (led by Amoghavarsha), but RC Majumdar believes that it may refer to the Pandyan king Sri Mara Sri Vallabha. However, there is no definitive record of any expedition of Devapala to the extreme south. In any case, his victory in the south could only have been a temporary one, and his dominion lay mainly in the north.

While an ancient country with the name Kamboja was located in what is now Afghanistan, there is no evidence that Devapala's empire extended that far. Kamboja, in this inscription, could refer to the Kamboja tribe that had entered North India (see Kamboja Pala dynasty). The Munger copper plate (Monghyr Charter) indicates that the Palas recruited their war horses from the Kambojas, and there might have been a Kamboja cavalry in the Pala armed forces. Viradeva, a scholar appointed by him as the abbot of Nalanda, is believed to be a native of Nagarahara (identified with modern-day Jalalabad). This has led some scholars to speculate if Devapala indeed launched a military expedition to the present-day Afghanistan, during which he met Viradeva.

Religious leanings

Devapala was a staunch Buddhist, and is said to have sanctioned the construction of many temples and monasteries in Magadha.[14] He maintained the famous Buddhist monastery at Uddandapura (Odantapuri). Buton Rinchen Drub credits his father Dharmapala for building the monastery, although other Tibetan accounts such as that of Taranatha, state that it was magically built and then entrusted to Devapala.

Balaputradeva, the Sailendra king of Java, sent an ambassador to him, asking for a grant of five villages for the construction of a monastery at Nalanda. The request was granted by Devapala. He also patronized the Vikramashila University and the Nalanda University.

The Budhdist poet Vajradatta (the author of Lokesvarashataka), was a member of Devapala's court.

Religion

Chausath Yogini Temple -

The Inspiration of Indian Parliament”

Reviewed 16 June 2015

. According to an inscription, it was built by King Devapala of the Pala dynasty of Bengal in 9th century.

Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitavli, is one of the rarest of Hindu temples in India. Its plan is circular and it is dedicated to the Tantric sect of Chausath Yogini. Most of the Hindu temples are based on square or rectangular plan. Circular temples are very rare. It is said that the design of Indian Parliament is inspired by this temple in Morena. It is also a very rare temple as there are only about a half a dozen Chausath Yogini temples in India. A Yogini in Tantra means a practitioner of Yoga, who has controlled her desires and reached a higher stage. They are related to the Matrikas and are basically various manifestations of the Divine Durga. This association with various forms of Durga gave rise to the cult of Chausath (64) Yoginis over time. The Chausath Yogini temple of Morena has an outer circle of 64 subsidiary shrines of Shiva with a central shrine of the Yogini

All Pala kings were zealous Buddhists. They were liberal with their support to numerous monastic communities and for the upkeep of monasteries with patronage of the learned teachers heading them. Dharmapala reformed the religion although over the years his successors moved towards the Tantric form of Buddhist worship. By the middle years of the Pala rule the practice of Buddhism in Bengal was far removed from the one propagated by its originator, the ‘Enlightened One’. It had moved to a completely different space, with no connection to the original concept. The original version relied on a rationalisation of the human condition and was based on the observance of a code of ethics, which was considered inviolate. The trappings associated with conventional religion, its rituals and deities, were anathema and completely ignored. This idealistic situation could not endure for long and over a period of time Buddhism succumbed to the practices of the orthodox religion from which it was trying to separate.

By the time the Pala dynasty reached the zenith of its power, the Buddhist icons were indistinguishable from the Hindu idols. Buddhist religious practice had by now acquired all that was shunned by the Buddha himself and was far removed from the ‘Middle Way’ that he had preached. In Bengal it also came under Tantric influence. The Tantras originate from a collection of esoteric texts of unknown origin that elaborate and describe difficult practices, which provided the practitioner a chance to commune with divinity and to assume supernatural powers. Its rituals and disciplines are complex and secret. The practice of Tantric rites consist mainly of mantras (repetitive formulae); yantras (mystical designs); and mudras (finger postures).

The shift towards a Tantric-influenced worship in the Buddhist religion compromised whatever was appealing in the practice of that religion for the lay person. This proved to be counter-productive for the popularity of Buddhism in the long-term. Over a period of time it became difficult for the common man to differentiate between orthodox Hindu practices and that of the evolving Buddhism, directly contributing to the decline and eclipse of the religion in its last bastion in India.

Devapala extended the boundaries of the empire further to Assam in the east, Kamboja in the north-wast and the Deccan in the south. Devapala united much of South Asia under his rule, a feat only achieved before by Ashoka the Great. The supremacy of the Pala Dynasty in Northern India and Kanbhoja was not through conquest or war, but through the principle of the Chakravarti. In the Badal pillar inscription of Narayana Pala, it is stated that by the wise counsel and policy of his Brahmin minister Darbhapani, Deva Pala became the suzerain monarch or Chakravarti of the whole tract of Northern India bounded by the Vindhyas and the Himalayas.Gujarat's poet Soddhala of the eleventh century calls Dharmapala an Uttarapathasvamin for his suzerainty over North IndiaThe successors of Devapala had to contend with the Gurjara-Pratihara and the Rashtrakutas for the supremacy of the Kannauj Triangle. After Narayanpala the Pala empire declined but was revived once more under the vigorous reigns of Mahipala and Ramapala.

Pala foreign relations

Palas came in contact with distant lands through their conquests and trades. The Sailendra Empire of Java, Sumatra and Malaya was a colony of the Palas. Devapala granted five villages at the request of the Sailendra king Balputradeva of Java for the upkeeping of thematha established at Nalanda for the scholars of that country. The Prime minister of the Balputradeva Kumar Ghosha was from Gauda. Dharmapala who extended his empire to the boundary of the Abbasid Empire and had diplomatic relations with the caliph Harun Al-Rashid. Coins of Harun-al-Rashid have been found in Mahasthangarh. Palas maintained diplomatic and religious relation with Tibet. During the military expeditions of the Pala kings the Pala generals would establish kingdoms of their own in Punjab and Afghanistan. Recent discoveries in the Punjab hills showed the influence of the Pala Dynasty. There is a strong and continuous tradition that the ruling families in certain states are descended from the "Rajas of Gaur in Bengal". These states are Suket, Keonthal, Kashtwar andMandi. In the ancient Rajput states tradition has immense force and accuracy. Of Kashtwar it is related that Kahan Pal — the founder of the state — with a small band of followers arrived in the hills in order to conquer a kingdom for himself. He is said to have come fromGaur, the ancient capital of Bengal and to have been a cadet of the ruling family of the place. The demise of the Turkshahi rule inGandhar and the rise of the Hindushahi dynasty in that region might have connection to the invasion of the Palas in that region.

Conclusion—The Importance of the Palas

At the height of their power, the Palas controlled a wide realm and enjoyed extensive influence across entire North India. As the predominant dynasty of the time, they were able to assert the right to reorder the affairs of North India to their own advantage. Bengal was no more at the periphery of Indian polity, but the core of politico-economic and military strength. Throughout their rule they held Magadha and Mungir (almost the entire Bihar), although Magadha was annexed by the Gurjara-Pratihara king, Mahendrapala, for a few years. The century between 780-890, which coincides with the combined rule of Dharmapala and Devapala, can be correctly assumed to be the most prosperous and greatest years of the Pala rule. The century is known for its marked intellectual and artistic activities and achievements.

This period saw the flourishing of two artists—Dhiman and his son Bitpalo (also called Vitapala)—who were painters, sculptors and bronze-founders of great repute. Some of their work is still extant and they are studied as two separate schools of Indian art in today’s contemporary art scenario. During the same period, Bhavadeva an exponent of the Brahmavidya system of philosophy, practiced and taught in the capital. Also, Madhava a well-known physician, produced commentaries on the tomes of Charaka (a great physician who lived around 175 B.C) and Susruta (considered the greatest surgeon of ancient time, who lived around 6th century B.C.). Unfortunately no buildings of the Palas survive for posterity, although a number of great tanks that the dynasty built in different towns in the central districts of the kingdom bear testimony to the involvement of the kings in projects of public benefit.

The Palas remain one of the most remarkable dynasties to have ruled a large Empire in India being the only royal line other than the Chalukyas to have reigned for nearly five centuries. Irrespective of the fact that there were two minor interludes when the Kambojas invaded in the 10th century and thereafter when the Kaivarta’s usurped power in the 11th century for a limited period, the Palas were at one time the foremost imperial power of medieval India. Although these two episodes of brief loss of power and kingdom were of minor importance in their immediate aftermath, they diluted the strength of the dynasty and also demonstrated to the feudatories that the great Palas could be defeated. The perception of Pala invincibility, which was one of the pillars of their dynastic strength, was removed.

Like every other dynasty in Indian history, and even in world history, the Palas vanished from the scene not in a blaze of glory, but in a rather timid manner, gradually becoming irrelevant to the broader political developments, holding on to an ever-decreasing geographical territory, becoming targets of rising and ambitious kings in the neighbourhood, and finally becoming a memory amongst the people. The golden days are remembered in folklore and song as are the faults and foibles of the lesser capable kings. This is the eternal law of the world as it moves on inexorably.

Successors

Devapala ruled for about 40 years. Earlier, the historians believed his successor to be Shurapala I and/or Vigrahapala I. In the 2000s, a copper-plate grant was discovered at Jagjivanpur: this plate mentions that a hitherto unknown Pala king, Mahendrapala, had issued the grant in 854 CE. Mahendrapala was the son of Devapala and brother of Shurapala I. Both Mahendrapala and Shurapala I were born to Queen Mahata.

Preceded by

Dharmapala Pala Emperor

9th century Succeeded by

Shurapala

DHARMPALA - ( EMPEROR )

Pala Empire with its neighbours

Reign 8th century

Predecessor Gopala

Successor Devapala

Spouse Rannadevi (Rashtrakuta princess)

Dynasty Pala

Father Gopala

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/322/

Dharmapala (ruled 8th century) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent. He was the son and successor of Gopala, the founder of the Pala Dynasty. He greatly expanded the boundaries of the empire, and made the Palas a dominant power in the northern and eastern India.

Dharmapala directly ruled over the present-day Bengal and Bihar, and installed a nominee at Kannauj. The Pala chronicles also claim that several other rulers of North India acknowledged his suzerainty

Based on the different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the different historians estimate Dharmapala's reign as follows:

HistorianEstimate of reign

RC Majumdar (1971)770-810

AM Chowdhury (1967)781-821

BP Sinha (1977)783-820

DC Sircar (1975–76)775-812

Expansion of the empire

Dharamapala directly ruled over the present-day Bengal and Bihar regions. Since the extent of Gopala's kingdom is not known, it is uncertain if Dharmapala inherited these territories or acquired them through conquests.

He also became dominant in other areas of North India, but the exact details of his victories are not available. It is known that he defeated Indraraja (or Indrayudha), the ruler of Kanauj, who was a vassal of the Gurjara-Pratiharas. He then handed over the throne to his own nominee Charkayudha, and held an imperial court at Kannauj. According to the Khalimpur copper plate issued by Dharmapala, this court was attended by the rulers of Bhoja (possibly Vidarbha), Matsya (Jaipur region), Madra (East Punjab), Kuru (Delhi region), Yadu (possibly Mathura, Dwarka or Simhapura in the Punjab), Yavana, Avanti, Gandhara and Kira (Kangra Valley).[4][5] These kings accepted the installation of Chakrayudha on the Kannauj throne, while "bowing down respectfully with their diadems trembling".[6] Some historians have speculated that all these kingdoms might have been the vassal states of the Pala empire. Such claims seem exaggerated: the rulers of these regions may have paid obeisance to Dharmapala, but maintained their autonomy.

The Kannauj dispute resulted in a struggle between Dharmapala and the Pratihara king Vatsaraja. Vatsaraja defeated Dharmapala in a battle fought near Prayag. Shortly after this, Vatsaraja himself was defeated by the Rashtrakuta king Dhruva of southern India. After Vatsaraja's defeat, Dharmapala regained the control of Kannauj, but was defeated by Dhruva. However, soon after this, Dhruva returned to his southern kingdom, and thus, Dharmapala did not lose much in this quick chain of events. These events had left the Pratiharas badly mauled, which indirectly helped Dharmapala. After Dhruva's death in 793 CE, the Rashtrakutas were weakened by a war of succession. Taking advantage of this situation, Dharmapala recaptured Kannauj and placed his vassal Chakrayudha on the throne. He became the most powerful ruler in North India, and declared himself as Uttarapathasvamin ("Lord of the North").

According to the Monghyr (Munger) copper plate, Dharmapala offered prayers at Kedar (possibly Kedarnath) and Gokarna (variously identified with Gokarna in Nepal, Gokarna in Karnataka or a place in Orissa[6]:38). This indicates that his position as a sovereign was accepted by most rulers, although this was a loose arrangement unlike the empire of the Mauryas or the Guptas. The other rulers acknowledged the military and political supremacy of Dharmapala, but maintained their own territories.[4] One tradition also claims that Nepal was a vassal state of the Pala Empire during his reign.

Sometime later, Dharmapala faced another attack by the Gurjara-Pratiharas. Vatsaraja's son Nagabhata II conquered Kannauj, making Chakrayudha his vassal. This brought Dharmapala and Nagabhata II into a military conflict near Munger. Dharmapala suffered a defeat, but in a repeat of history, the Rashtrakutas invaded the Pratihara kingdom. Nagabhata II was defeated by the Rashtrakuta king and Dhruva's son Govinda III. Govinda III then proceeded to Kannauj, and subdued both Chakrayudha and Dharmapala. Like his father, Govinda III then returned to his kingdom in the south. Once again, Dharmapala re-established his authority in North India. Dharamapala remained the dominant ruler in North India till the end of his life.

Dharmapala ruled for about 40 years, and was succeeded by his son Devapala.

Patronage to Buddhism

Somapura Mahavihara is the largest Buddhist vihara in the Indian Subcontinent built by Dharmapala; it became a World Heritage Site in 1985.

Dharmapala was a great patron of Buddhism. He revived the Nalanda university and founded the Vikramshila university which later evolved into a great learning center of Buddhism. He built the great Vihara at Somapuri in Verendri and the Vihara in Paharpur. Taranath also credits him with establishing 50 religious institutions and patronizing the Buddhist author Hariibhadra. Buton Rinchen Drub credits Dharmapala with building the monastery at Uddandapura (Odantapuri), although other Tibetan accounts such as that of Taranatha, state that it was magically built and then entrusted to Devapala.

Epigraphs

The epigraphs from Dharmapala's reign include:[10]

Bodhgaya Stone Inscription (Kesava Prasasti)

Dated in the 26th regnal year, this inscription is a work of Kesava, who was the son of sculptor Ujjala. It records the establishment of an image of Chaturmukha (four-faced) Mahadeva and the excavation of a lake at the cost of 3000 drammas (coins) at Mahabodhi.

Khalimpur Copper Plate

Dated in the 32nd regnal year, this copper plate is inscribed by Tatata, who was the son of Subhata and grandson of Bhojata. It records Dharmapala's defeat of Indrayudha and the installation of his tributary Chakrayudha at Kannauj. It states that the kings of Bhoja, Matsya, Madra, Kuru, Yadu, Yavana, Avanti, Gandhara and Kira (possibly Kangra) attended the imperial assembly and approved it. It further states that Dharmapala granted four villages to a feudal lord called Naryanavarman for the construction and maintenance of a temple dedicated to the Lord Nanna-Narayana, with the boundaries of the donated villages including a shrine constructed for the Goddess Kadamvari.

Nalanda Copper Plate

This plate is partially damaged due to burning. The name of the donor is not clear, but his father's name is Dharmadatta. It records the gift of a village Uttarama, situated in the Gaya visaya (district) of the Nagar bhukti (division).

Nalanda Stone Inscription

This inscription is a work of the artisans Kese, Savvo, Vokkaka and Viggata. It is inscribed on a stupa sculpture with carvings that depict seated Buddha figures. It records Vairochana as the person who commissioned this deed, describing him as a brilliant and valiant man who lived during the rule of Dharmapala.

Valgudar Image Inscription

It records the dedication of an image of god Madhusrenika by Ajhuka, the wife of Sato, in the city of Krimila.

Paharpur Seals

These two seals were discovered from the Somapura Mahavihara. Both depict a dharma chakra flanked by antelopes, and state that they were issued by the monks belonging to a vihara at Somapura, which was established by Dharmapala.

GOPALA-

Reignc. 750s–770s CE

PredecessorVacant

SuccessorDharmapala

Spouse Doda devi

HousePala Dynasty

DynastyPala

FatherVapyata

Gopala (ruled c. 750s–770s CE) was the founder of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal region of the Indian Subcontinent. The last morpheme of his name Pala means "protector" and was used as an ending for the names of all the Pala monarchs. Pala does not suggest or indicate any ethnic or caste considerations of the Pala dynasty. He came to power around 750 CE in Gaur after being elected by a group of regional chieftains.

Origins

There are no contemporary sources of information about Gopala's life: he is known only through the later literary references and genealogies in inscriptions.

The name of his father was Vapyata, and his grandfather Dayitavishnu. A eulogy on the Khalimpur copper plate of his son Dharmapala describes his father Vapyata as a Khanditarati or "killer of enemies", and his grandfather Dayitavishnu as Sarva-vidyavadata ("all-knowing" in the sense "highly educated"). The later texts of the Pala period, such as Ramacharita, mention the Pala rulers as the kings descended from the lunar dynasty.

Election

After the death of the Gauda king Shashanka, a century of anarchy and confusion ensued in Bengal. This situation is described by the Sanskrit phrase matsya nyaya ("fish justice" i.e. a situation in which the big fish prey on the smaller ones). It was during these times that Gopala came to power around 750 CE. He was already a leading military general by that time.

The Khalimpur copper plate of Dharmapala alludes to Gopal's election in the following stanza:

“Matsyanyayam apakitum prakritibhir Lakshmiya karam grahitah Sri Gopala iti kshitisa-sirsam chudamani-tatsubha

To put an end to the state of affairs similar to what happens among fishes, the prakriti made the glorious Gopala, the crest jewel of the heads of kings, take the hand of Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune.

”

The Sanskrit word prakriti is suggestive of "people" in general. The Tibetan Buddhist lama Taranatha (1575–1634), writing nearly 800 years later, also writes that he was democratically elected by the people of Bengal. However, his account is in form of a legend, and is considered historically unreliable. The legend mentions that after a period of anarchy, the people elected several kings in succession, all of whom were consumed by the Naga queen of an earlier king on the night following their election. Gopal, however managed to kill the queen and remained on the throne.

The historical evidence indicates that Gopala was not elected directly by his subjects, but by a group of feudal chieftains. Such elections were quite common in contemporary tribal societies of the region. The stanza in the Khalimpur copper plate is an eulogy, and uses the word prakriti figuratively.

Based on the different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the different historians estimate Gopala's reign as follows:

HistorianEstimate of Gopala's reign

RC Majumdar (1971)750–770

AM Chowdhury (1967)756-781

BP Sinha (1977)755-783

DC Sircar (1975–76)750-775

Reign and legacyEdit

According to Manjusrimulakalpa, Gopala died at the age of 80, after a reign of 27 years. Not much is known about his life or military career, but at the time of his death, Gopala had bequeathed a large kingdom to his son Dharmapala (770-810 CE). No records are available about the exact boundaries of Gopala's kingdom, but it might have included almost all of the Bengal region. His son and successor Dharmapala greatly expanded the kingdom, making it one of the most powerful empires in contemporary India.

Religion

A few sources written much after Gopala's death mention him as a Buddhist, but it is not known if this is true. Taranatha attests that Gopala was a staunch Buddhist and a major patron of Buddhism.

JAYAPALA

Hindu Shahi Emperor

Tenure 9th century

Predecessor Ishtapala

Successor Anandpala

Jayapala. He ruler of the Kabul Shahi dynasty from 964 to 1001 CE. His kingdom stretched from Laghman to Kashmir and Sirhind to Multan, with Peshawar being in the center. He was the son of Shurapal and the father of Anandapala. Epithets from the Bari Kot inscriptions record his full title as "Parama Bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Sri Jayapaladeva".

Jayapala is known for his struggles in defending his kingdom against the Ghaznavids in the modern-day eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan region. Jayapala saw a danger in the consolidation of the Ghaznavids and invaded their capital city of Ghazni both in the reign of Sebuktigin and in that of his son Mahmud, which initiated the Muslim Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi struggles. Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity. Jayapala defaulted on the payment and took to the battlefield once more. Jayapala however, lost control of the entire region between the Kabul Valley and Indus River.

Before his struggle began Jaipal had raised a great army of Indians which included Rajputs. When Jaipal went to the Punjab region, his army was raised to 100,000 horsemen and an innumerable host of foot soldiers. According to Ferishta:

"The two armies having met on the confines of Lumghan, Subooktugeen ascended a hill to view the forces of Jeipal, which appeared in extent like the boundless ocean, and in number like the ants or the locusts of the wilderness. But Subooktugeen considered himself as a wolf about to attack a flock of sheep: calling, therefore, his chiefs together, he encouraged them to glory, and issued to each his commands. His soldiers, though few in number, were divided into squadrons of five hundred men each, which were directed to attack successively, one particular point of the Hindoo line, so that it might continually have to encounter fresh troops."

However, the army was hopeless in battle against the western invaders, particularly against the young Mahmud of Ghazni.[1] In the year 1001, soon after Sultan Mahmud came to power and was occupied with the Qarakhanids north of the Hindu Kush, Jaipal attacked Ghazni once more and upon suffering yet another defeat by the powerful Ghaznavid forces, near present-day Peshawar, committed suicide because his subjects thought he had brought disaster and disgrace to the Shahi dynasty. But he will always be celebrated as a hero for his struggles in defending his kingdom from the Turkic rulers of Ghazni.

Emperor Jayapala was challenged by the armies of Sultan Sabuktigin in Battle of Peshawar (1001) and later by his son Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. According to the Minháj ad-Dīn in his chronicle Tabaqát-i Násiri,[94] he bears a testament to the political and powerful stature of Maharaja Jayapala Shahi, "Jayapála, who is the greatest of all the ráis (kings) of Hind..." Misra wrote on Jaypala: "(He) was perhaps the last Indian ruler to show such spirit of aggression, so sadly lacking in later Rajput kings.

Jayapala became the paramount ruler. He made Bathinda, his second capital for better administration of the neighbouring region. To the east of his realm, the Toramana dynasty ruled over Haryana and Delhi. The Ghalibids governed Multan and the territory up to Lahore and Ramiyan. Jayapala sent an expedition under his son Anandapala who defeated Bharata and advanced on Lahore. Bharata paid him a large sum of money was allowed to rule Lahore as a feudatory. But later Bharata was dethroned by his son Hardrat. Anandapala again marched with an army to punish him and annexed Lahore to Sahi dominions in 999 AD. Jayapala’s authority now extended from Langhman (Jallalabad) to the river Chenab. He now ranked as the greatest king of India. The Arabs described him as the ruler of Hindustan.

From the time of Jayapala onwards the Muslim rulers of Ghaznavi exerted a continuous pressure on the Hindu Shahis. Alpatgin, a Turkish Muslim governor of Khorasan, proclaimed himself an independent ruler of a small mountain principality named Ghazni. He ruled over this petty kingdom for eight years and died in 963 A.D. Then followed a period of confusion of fourteen years. Ultimately in 974 A.D., Sabuktgin, a slave and son-in-law of Alpatgin, seized the throne of Ghazni and founded the Yamini dynasty of Ghazni. After consolidating his newly acquired kingdom, Sabuktgin turned his attention towards India.

Jayapala naturally became apprehensive about the security of the North-Western frontier. The two neighbouring rulers soon came into conflict. Jayapala determined to push back the Turks by a powerful offensive. Jayapala had made an alliance with the Muslim rulers of Multan. Hence Sabuktgin’s first task was to detach them from the Hindu Shahis. Emboldened by this diplomatic success, he invaded and annexed some frontier outposts of Jayapala’s territories. Jayapala retaliated by making an advanced attack on the Turkish territory with a large army. A furious battle was fought on the frontier of the two kingdoms which lasted for many days and both sides suffered heavy casualties. When its issues were hanging in the balance, a dreadful snow storm caused severe losses to the Shahis. Being disheartened, Jayapala is said to have made peace with Sabuktgin promising to pay large sums or money, some cities and elephants. But the relations between the two rulers remained constrained.

Jayapala refused to pay the money and resumed preparations of war. He also received help from prominent Hindu states like those of Delhi, Ajmer and Kanauj. In 991 A.D. Jayapala once more at the head of a vast army marched on Ghazni and met the Turks somewhere near Laghman.

Sabuktgin resorted to a sort of guerilla warfare. He divided his army into contingents of 500 each to attack the Shahi forces one after another with utmost violence in successive waves. The armies of the plains were not used to this type of warfare in mountains. He this turned out the Hindu armies who had been fighting without any respite. They suffered severe losses and were driven back to the Indus. In the course of these campaigns, Jayapala lost his territories west of the Indus. In about 988 A.D. Sabuktgin occupied Peshawar where he posted an army of 10,000 Turks. Sabuktgin died in 988 AD. He was succeeded by his son Sultan Mahmud who came to the throne of Ghazni after a brief contest with his brother Ismail in 988 AD.

Mahmud led his first attack on the Shahi territories in 1000 A.D and plundered some frontier regions of Jayapala. Jayapala planned a counter-attack and tried to check Mahmud’s advance near Peshawar. In the battle that was resumed in November 1001, Jayapala put up a very stiff resistance, but was once more defeated.

Jayapala and fifteen of his relatives were made captives. Immense booty passed into the hands of the Turks. On payment of a heavy ransom by his son Anandapala, Jayapala and his relatives were set free. Jayapala was a brave and courageous ruler. He was so deeply stung by his successive defeats thought himself unworthy of the throne he occupied, and burnt himself on a funeral pyre to which he set fire with his own hands. This was a demonstration of the Hindu sense of honour, which no defeated outside marauder could ever match.

Succession

Jayapala was succeeded by his son Anandapala,[3] who along with other succeeding generations of the Shahiya dynasty took part in various unsuccessful campaigns against the advancing Ghaznvids but were unsuccessful. The Hindu rulers eventually exiled themselves to the Kashmir Shivalik Hills.And established doda ( at present known as old jammu state.

ANANDAPAL

Prince Anandapala who ascended his father's throne (in about March/April AD 1002) already proved an able warrior and general in leading many battles prior to his ascension. According to 'Adáb al-Harb' (pp. 307–10) in about AD 990, it is written, "the arrogant but ambitious Raja of Lahore Bharat, having put his father in confinement, marched on the country of Jayapála with the intention of conquering the districts of Nandana, Jailum (Jehlum) and Tákeshar" (in an attempt to take advantage of Jayapala's concentrated effort with defence against the armies of Ghazni). "Jayapala instructed Prince Anandapala to repel the opportunist Raja Bharat. Anandapala defeated Bharat and took him prisoner in the battle of Takeshar and marched on Lahore and captured the city and extended his father's kingdom yet further."

However, during his reign as emperor many losses were inflicted on his kingdom by the Ghaznavids. During the battle of Chach between Mahmud and Anandapala, it is stated that "a body of 30,000 Gakhars fought alongside as soldiers for the Shahi Emperor and incurred huge losses for the Ghaznavids". However, despite the heavy losses of the enemy, he lost the battle and suffered much financial and territorial loss. This was Anandapala's last stand against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. He eventually signed a treaty with the Ghaznavid Empire in AD 1010 and shortly a year later died a peaceful death. R.C Majumdar (D.V. Potdar Commemoration Volume, Poona 1950, p. 351) compared him ironically to his dynastic ancient famous ancestor "King Porus, who bravely opposed Alexander but later submitted and helped in subduing other Indian rulers". And Tahqíq Má li'l-Hind (p. 351) finally revered him in his legacy as "noble and courageous" .

जहिं असिवर तोडिय रिउ कवालु, णरणाहु पसिद्धउ अणंगवालु ||

वलभर कम्पाविउ णायरायु, माणिणियण मणसंजनीय ||

The ruler Anandapal is famous, he can slay his enemies with his sword. The weight (of the Iron pillar) caused the Nagaraj to shake.

TRILOCHANPAL

Prince Trilochanpála, the son of Anandapala, ascended the imperial throne in about AD 1011. Inheriting a reduced kingdom, he immediately set about expanding his kingdom into the Sivalik Hills, the domain of the Rai of Sharwa. His kingdom now extended from the River Indus to the upper Ganges valley. According to Al-Biruni, Tirlochanpála "was well inclined towards the Muslims (Ghaznavids)" and was honourable in his loyalty to his father's peace treaty to the Ghaznavids. He eventually rebelled against Sultan Mahmud and was later assassinated by some of his own mutinous troops in AD 1021–22, an assassination which was believed to have been instigated by the Rai of Sharwa who became his arch-enemy due to Tirlochanpala's expansion into the Siwalik ranges. He was romanticised in Punjabi folklore as the Last Punjabi ruler of Punjab.

Trilochanapala ascended the Shahi throne after the death of his father Anandapala. Though more famous as the Kings of Lahore, the temple fort at Nandana, fourteen miles south-west of Choha Saidan Shah (near Katas Raj), situated on a remarkable dip of the outer salt range, had been a stronghold of the Vaid dynasty ruling Punjab. Lying midway between Lahore and Waihind, it must have served as the national capital of the Shahis after loss of Waihind. Ensconced in the mountain of Balanath, it had a strong fort and was strategically located not too far from the commercial town of Bhera and the river Jhelum.

Peace treaties between states are means of achieving national aims without resorting to war. Sultan Mahmud must have realised that the Shahis were not very pliable. He would not feel safe about his rear if he advanced deep into India beyond the territory controlled by the Shahis. So he decided to first attack the Shahi capital at Nandana and crush Trilochanapala. Mahmud collected a large army in the spring of 1014 and marched toward Nandana. When Trilochanapala became aware of the intentions of the Turk, he entrusted the defence of Nandana to his son Bhimapala – whom Utbi refers as Niddar Bhima (the fearless Bhima). The Shahis summoned their vassals and meanwhile Bhimapala advanced with his forces to take position behind the wings of a hill pass – probably Marigala Pass near Rawal Pindi. He positioned his elephants in the entrance of the narrow and precipitous pass while his forces occupied the hills on both sides. He thus waited in security while reinforcements kept arriving. Mahmud found himself outmanoeuvred and his spearmen failed to provoke the Hindus. “When his vassals had joined Bhimapala he left his entrenchments and came out into the plain, having the hills behind him and elephants drawn up on each wing. The battle raged furiously.” A general leading the Turkish vanguard was wounded grievously and Mahmud dispatched part of his own guards to extricate his commander. The conflict continued as before but the Turks were victorious at the end. Bhimapala survived the battle and escaped, entrusting the defence of their fort at Nandana to some of their devoted veterans. Mahmud advanced promptly to invest the fort. There was stiff resistance and Mahmud asked his sappers to lay mines under the walls, while the Turkish archers poured arrows into the fort. Finally the garrison surrendered. He next led is forces towards Kashmir to chase and destroy the Shahi King.

Meanwhile Trilochanapala had gone towards Kashmir along with some of his forces, to seek assistance from Sangramaraja, the ruler of Kashmir (1003–1028), who consented to help. Tunga, the commander of Kashmir forces, was sent at the head of a contingent consisting of several nobles, feudal chiefs and other ranks. From previous experience of battles with the Turks, Trilochanapala had devised a strategy quite similar to that followed by Bhimapala of blocking the advance of large Turkish army from behind a hill pass and later fighting on a restricted battlefield in the backdrop of these hills. He had advised Tunga accordingly. However, in his impetuosity Tunga came out in hasty moves. Mahmud found an opportunity to strike with full force and Tunga’s army dispersed. Trilochanapala tried to control the situation but was unsuccessful. Having routed the Hindu forces, Mahmud plundered the area, took many prisoners and converted much of the populace to Islam. Rajatarangini, a history of Kashmir, also gives a detailed account of this particular battle because forces of Kashmir state were involved in it.

This was a severe blow which almost destroyed the Shahis as a strong reigning power. But they were not yet completely wiped out. Mahmud was still not confident of advancing deep into India with the bruised and mauled Shahis in his rear. He organised some probing campaigns to test political waters.

Plunder of Thanesar

Mahmud had gathered information that Thanesar had an idol Jugsoma (Chakraswamin) and the place was as holy in the eyes of Hindus as Mecca to Muslims. It was another potential Nagarkot and Mahmud organised a quick foray. Thanesar was under the jurisdiction of the Delhi Kingdom. Ferishta states that the Shahi ruler tried to dissuade Mahmud from his resolution in exchange for an annual tribute but it did not work. The Shahi warned Bijayapala, the Towar Raja of Delhi, about the impending danger but the Hindus were too slow in organising a joint defence. A Raja named Ram, probably the ruler of Thanesar, came out to stop the Turkish force, but lost. Mahmud continued his march to Thanesar, plundered the city and destroyed a large number of idols. The chief idol was carried to Ghazni for defilement.

Unsuccessful siege of Lohkot

In an effort to destroy the Shahi vestige and enter Kashmir, Mahmud besieged the fort of Lohkot in 1015 CE. Lohkot was remarkable on account of its height and strength. Mahmud failed to subdue this fort or get past it and enter Kashmir. According to Ferishta, Mahmud returned to Ghazni with great difficulty “having failed in all the enterprises of this campaign.”

Expedition to Kannauj

With Punjab subdued, time was ripe for Sultan Mahmud to organise a campaign for plundering the famed riches of temples and kingdoms of mid-India. In 1018 CE he fitted a large army of 100,000 chosen horse and 20,000 foot and marched towards India. In a long journey he crossed all the rivers of Punjab and put his forces across the Yamuna by 2 December 1018. Trilochanapala who was still ruling eastern Punjab refused to pay allegiance and sheltered himself in the Parmar kingdom of Malwa.

Mahmud destroyed several big and small kingdoms: Baran (modern Bulandshahr), Mahaban, Mathura, Kannauj, Munj, Asi and Sharva. There was a varying degree of resistance or lack of it. For example, at Munj known as “the fort of Brahmanas” the garrison resisted the invader for 25 days and died fighting heroically literally to the last man and not a single soul survived in the fort. Kannauj, the Imperial capital of India was then ruled by Gurjara Prathara Rajyapala. After the outlying forts were reduced, Rajyapala left Kannauj to wait for another day. Mahmud’s share of the plunder from this campaign consisted of two crore dirhams of gold and silver bullion, 5300 captives, 350 elephants, besides jewels pearls and other precious effects. Nor was the spoil of the army less than which came into the public treasury.

The last Shahi effort to turn the tide

The Chandel of Kalanjar had formed a confederacy of some Hindu states and they killed Rajyapala of Kannauj for his cowardly submission to Mahmud. Still hoping to turn the tide and regain his kingdom, Trilochanapala Shahi had also joined the confederacy. The Chandella ruler had promised to bring an army to Punjab but procrastinated. So Trilochanapala marched with his forces to join the Chandella for a joint front against the Turks. In 1019 CE Mahmud set out from Ghazni “with an army greater than any which he had hitherto led into India” pre-empting moves regarding joining of the Shahi and Chandella forces. “Mahmud traversed stages after stages and overtook Purujayapala (Trilochanapala) and his forces on the 14th of Saban: between him and the Hindus was a deep river.” Trilochanapala determined to resist the passage of Sultan. Mahmud hesitated to attempt the crossing of the turbulent and muddy river. One night however eight Muslim officers, each followed by his troops, crossed the river apparently without the King’s knowledge. Entering the camp early morning by surprise, when Hindu soldiers were not yet through from their routine morning ablutions, they struck panic among the enemy ranks. The Shahi was worsted in this sudden encounter and escaped. “Two hundred and eighty eight gigantic elephants fell into the hands of the Mussalamans” among other booty. HTrilochanapala made another attempt to join up with Vidyadhar Chandella for the next decisive battle. But history has no record of him from this point. According to Tarikh ul-Kamil, Trilochanapala was wounded after fighting for greater part of the day. He may not have survived the forced march towards Kalanjar.

Confrontation with Chandelas

Vidyadhar Chandel had fielded 36,000 cavalry, 124,000 infantry and 640 elephants at the border of his kingdom. “Sultan reconnoitred the opposing army from an eminence and observing the vast numbers he regretted having come thither. Prostrating before God, he prayed for success and victory.” The engagement was probably indecisive and Vidyadhar retreated during the night possibly with the horses and elephants that could be retrieved. Sultan ordered the camp to be looted and did not advance further into Chandella territory. “Mahmud who was apprehensive of the disturbances in the Punjab, returned content with this victory to Ghazni.”

The exemplary resolve displayed by the Shahis was conspicuously absent amongst most of their fellow kings.(John Keay) One cannot but speculate what would have been the outcome of this engagement if the intrepid Trilochanapala, who had a steely determination and experience of battling the Turks, been in command of the ample forces of Vidyadhar Chandella on that fateful day. Al Beruni, who came to India in the train of Mahmud Ghaznavi and was a contemporary of these Hindu Shahis, paid a touching tribute:

This Hindu Shahiya dynasty is now extinct, and of the whole there is no longer the slightest remnant in existence. We must say that in all their grandeur, they never slackened in the ardent desire of doing that which is good and right, that they were men of noble sentiment and noble bearing.

BHEEMPAL

Prince Bhímapála, son of Tirlochanpala, succeeded his father in AD 1021–22. He was referred to by Utbí as "Bhīm, the Fearless" due to his courage and valour. Considering his kingdom was at its lowest point, possibly only in control of Nandana, he admirably earned the title of "fearless" from his enemy's own chronicle writer. He is known to have commanded at the battle of Nandana personally and seriously wounded the commander of the Ghaznavid army Muhammad bin Ibrahim at-Tāī ('Utbi, vil.ii, p. 151.). He ruled only five years before meeting his death in AD 1026. He was final Shahi Emperor of the famed dynasty.

Years later, Alberuni wrote:

The Hindu Shahiya dynasty is now extinct, and of the whole house there is no longer the slightest remnant in existence. We must say that, in all their grandeur, they never slackened in the ardent desire of doing that which is good and right, that they were men of noble sentiment and noble bearing.

Kalhana, a 12th-century Kashmiri Brahmin, wrote of one campaign in the process that led to this collapse.

RUDRAPALA

After the loss of father Bheempal the last ruler of once famed hindu shahi empire in a.d 1026 his son's Rudrapal, dodapal, kshempala, anangpala got refuge & support from kashyapmeru kings they served as general in the kashyapmeru army.. and they prominence here in the hindu kashmiri royal court where they occupied influential positions and intermarried with the Royal family thus to settle kashyapmeru kings given them lands of shiwalik which still known as doda region ( present jammu old known as doda region) hindu kasyapmeru had aided the hindu shahis against mahmud of ghazni .As a Result after barely defeating the hindu shahis, Mahmud marched his men to hindu kashmir to take revenge for kashyapmeru support of the hindu shahis. However, twice Mahmud was soundly defeated by the kashyapmerus and had to lick his wounds. He never was able to take on hindu kashmir.

All sources, including famous Al- Biruni, accept this. AL- Biruni was with Mahmud on these campaigns. They are mentioned frequently in Rajatarangani of kalhana writtenduring 1147-49. Rudrapal was mentioned by the writer of kalhana as valiant general in these campaigns he led to quel resistance to the kashyapmeru kings whom they served while in exile. His later descendants fell out of favour at the royal court and were exiled to the lower end of Siwalik Hills, retaining control of mandu fort. After a brief period, they rose again to take control of malot under Raja Dhruvpal Dev in the 12th century before the campaigns of the Ghorid Empire. Kalhana names several Dor rulers: Acalamangala, during the reign of Ananta of Kashmir, AD 1028 to AD 1063, Vidhyadhara Shahi during the reign of Harsa, 1089–1101 AD,[19] Jagaddala during the reign of Uccala, AD 1101 to AD 1111, Manidhara during the reign of Sussala, AD 1112 to AD 1120), and Yasodhara during the reign of Jayasimha, AD 1128 to AD 1149.

SHANKARPALA -

King Shankar Sahai founded the town of garhshakar Hence the name: garh (Home of) shankar (Founders' name). Garhshankar was founded around 9th Century.

RANA JODH CHAND ( THE 1st RANA )

Founder And First Ruler Beet Manaswal.

RANA CHACHO CHAND ( THE 19th RANA)

Rana Chacho Chand, was attacked by the katoch ruler, but his brother tilok singh(tillo)defeated him at mahetpur in una and tillo’s shrine at bhiwani is reverenced to this day

RANA JOG CHAND

in sambat 1741 ( 1686 A.D ), Rana Jog Chand repelled a jaswan invasion,

RANA BAKHT CHAND

in sambat 1761 rana bakht chand annexed bhalan with 12 dependent villages in una.

RANA RATTAN CHAND

Rana Bakht Chand successor Rana Rattan Chand, repelled a jaswan army under bhagwan singh sonkhla who was killed and in his memory, a shrine at kharalli was erected. A treaty now defined the jaswal and dod territories , under mian gulab singh

RANA JHAGAR CHAND ( THE 33rd RANA )

Regent during achal chands minority, nadir shah is said to have visitedthe tract and ordered a massacre of rasali people, but the Rana ji obtained from him a grant of bathri, then a jaswal village, Rana Jhagar Chand, however espoused the jaswan's cause when they were attacked by sansar chand of kangra in 1804 a.d.

RANA LAL CHAND,

Rana of Manaswal -/1855, born 1786, he was confirmed in eight villages by the British in 1846; married and had issue. He died 1855.

Rana Mahtab Chand (qv)

RANA MAHTAB CHAND,

Rana of Manaswal 1855/1871, born 1810, he was noted for his piety; married and had issue. He died 1871.

RANA SAHIB SINGH,

Rana of Manaswal 1871/1881, born 1834, died 1881.

Rana LEHNA SINGH,

Rana of Manaswal 1881/1910, born 1836, he was a Provincial Darbari and was exempt from certain provisions of the Arms Act; married and had issue. He died 1910.

Rana UPENDRA SINGH,

Rana of Manaswal 1910/-, born 1865, he was a Provincial Darbari; he contributed various sums to different funds connected with the Great War and was rewarded with the title of Rai Sahib and ten squares of land in the Montgomery District;

Lt. Rana NARENDRA SINGH,

Rana of Manaswal, born 1907, he served with the 11/17th Dogra Regiment with the rank of Lieutenant; married 1stly, Kumari (name unknown), daughter of Raja Sir Padam Singh, Raja of Bashahr, and his wife, Rani Jwale Dei of Lambagraon, married 2ndly, Rajkumari Kusumlata, daughter of Rajkumar Vichatra Shah, (son of H.H. Swasti Sri 1008 Badrish Charya Prayana Garh-Rajya Mahi Mahendra Dharam, Vaibhav Dharam Rakshah Shiromani Shri 108 Maharaja Pratap Shah Sahib Bahadur, Raja of Tehri Garhwal) and his wife, Kunwarani Chandrakala Devi, (elder daughter of Commanding-General Sri Sri Sri Maharajkumar Jit Jung Bahadur Rana, sometime Mukhtiyar and C-in-C of Nepal) and had issue.

Rana GAJENDRA CHAND,

http://mbbgrgcgirlscollegemansowal.co.in/rana-gajender-chand/

Rana of Manswal, born 1929, married 1stly, Rani Tara Devi, elder daughter of Rana Vashisht Chand of Koti, married 2ndly, Rani Shakuntala Devi, younger daughter of Rana Vashisht Chand of Koti,

Rana Gajender Chand, born on 19th August, 1929 in Mansowal and expired on : 26th April, 1992 in a car accident. He started his early education at Mansowal school then did his Cambridge education from Colonel Brown's at Dehradun. By age of 18-19 years, he was back at Mansawal looking after the farms that the family owned. He was always ready to help the needy people. All the houses currently in Mansowal village are built on land that belongs to this family and were gradually given to the poor and destitue farmers of the area who were bereft of a roof over their head by the large hearted Ranaji. At times money and basic amenitities were also provided to the needy by him.

In 1960' untouchably was widely prevalent but Ranaji totally rejected this notion and treated everybody as equal. His son is of the opening that they are not even 10% of him in terms of generosity and the desire for betterment of others.Summing up, we can say that he was a true social up lifter believing in neither class nor creed, simply working for the benefit of humaniy. His eldest son Yatender Chand Tikka Shri also has a close connection with the villagers and is actively involved in pomoting women education in this area and that's what made him donate this 18 acres of land in his fathers memory to the Trust for starting educational institutions to promote education among the women of this area. He has recently started 2 scolarship in MBBG Collegiate school of Rs. 50,000/. in name of Raj Mata Tara Devi and another Rs. 50,000/. -in name of Raj Mata Shakuntala Devi .

RANA YATENDER CHAND - ( THE 41th RANA )

Present Garhi Mansawal Tikka Shri ji has a close connection with the villagers and is active in promotion of women education in the region which made him to Donate 18 acres of land in his fathers memory to the trust for starting education insitutes.. he also started two scholorship program in MBBG Collegiate school with total sum of Rupees 1,00,000 in the name of RAAJ MATA SHRI JI.

Historian views regarding Dor/Doda tribe

COLONEL JAMES TOD QUOTE REGARDING DOR OR DODA TRIBE:-

We have little to say of this race, though occupying a place in AU the genealogies,

Time has destroyed all knowlege of the past history of the Doda tribe,

To gain a victory over whom was deemed by prithviraja worthy of a tablet.

According to Sir H.M. Elliot

The ruins of old Hála, or Hála-kandi, on the Indus, thirty miles above Haidarábád, lie to the south-east of the present site. Had its name appeared in the Chach-náma, we might have ascribed its foundation to the Rájá Hál, mentioned in p. 106. Todnames a later prince of the Samma family as the founder.It is probable that the designation of the Hála range of mountains has a similar origin, for we nowhere find them mentioned in any early work; but such a very modern attribution would scarcely satisfy a late writer, who sees in them the cradle of the great Hellenic race:-

"The land of Hellas, a name so dear to civilization and the arts, was so called from the magnificent range of heights situated in Beloochistan, styled the 'Hela' mountains.

* * * The chiefs of this country were called 'Helaines,' or the 'chiefs of the Hela.' He gives as a motto to this fanciful chapter on the Hellenes, the following lines from the fragments of Hesiod:-Chiefs of the war-car, guards of holy Right,Dorus and Æolus, and Zuthus' mightFrom HELLEN sprang.As he conceives Æolus to represent the Haiya tribe of Rájpúts,

It is surprising that he disregards the more obvious resemblance of Dorus and Zuthus to the mighty Dors and the energetic Zats;-

the former now nearly extinct, the latter now better known as the wide-spread Jats.James Tod[5] writes that The warriors assembled under Visaladeva Chauhan against the Islam invader included the Dor rajput ruler.

MR. CHARLES. A. ROE QUOTE

With regards to the Ranas of Manasarawal and the family of Rai of bhabhour it will be here to quote mr roe again he says.

.In all probability the first form of social order in this tract the existence of a number of independent villages communities there is record of such a period, but in the great majority of cases the ancestors of the present holders of the land are spoken off as having driven out previous owners the earliest facts of which we have any knowledge is the preeminencee of petty local chiefs, whose represantatives exist down to the present day in the persons of the ranas of mansarawal rai of bhabhour, whether they simply emerged from their fellows by natural selections, it is impossible to say they were never able to exert aNy supremacy over any villages except those of their immediate neighbourhood nor could they offer any serious resistance to an organized goverment, but their support was always worth buying and the ruiling power has always in some ways or other acknowledged their positions, the rights retained by the Ranas of manasarawal n Rai of bhabhour directly represents rights which were once sovereighn, but with countless inavaders onslaugh for several ceneturies now left with their remaining little territories now can hardly be said to have had once any history of their own.

BEET TRACT

DOAD ESTATE'S:-

1 Estate of Beet Manaswal

http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/m/manaswal.html

BEET (THIKANA)

MANASWAL (Jagir)

VILLAGES: 8 REVENUE: Rs3,800 (1846) ACCESSION: 1846

LOCATION: Punjab (Hoshiarpur Dist.) DYNASTY: Doad Rajput.

RELIGION: HINDU

PRESENT RULER:

Rana YATENDRA CHAND,

present Rana Saheb of Manaswal

married Rani Anjana Singh of Pahargarh, M.P., died 1991, married 2ndly, Rani Hema Singh, daughter of Rao Raja Gayanendra Singh Ju Dev of Orchha, and has issue.

Tamiksha Singh

Pallavi Singh

Girinandini Singh

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: An early ancestor of this family was Rana Jodh Chand, who came up from Garhmuktasar in Mirut to worship at the Jawalamukhi shrine on the north bank of the Bias, and brought with him followers sufficient to enable him to hold the lower Sawaliks near Garhshankar, with his headquarters at Manaswal. Early in the 18th century, they lost their independence and became tributary to the Raja of Jaswan. Rulers and estate holders were...

Rana JHAGGAR CHAND,

Rana of Manaswal, he made his submission to Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and is said to have been confirmed by him in some of his lands on condition of the supply of fifteen horsemen whenever called upon, married and had issue.

Mian Dayal Singh, born 1784, married and had issue.

Dhian Singh, born 1808, married and had issue. He died 1884.

Rana Lal Chand (qv)

Mian Zalim Singh, died 1854.

Mian Man Singh, married and had issue.

Mian Padam Singh, married and had issue.

Rana LAL CHAND,

Rana of Manaswal -/1855, born 1786, he was confirmed in eight villages by the British in 1846; married and had issue. He died 1855.

Rana Mahtab Chand (qv)

Rana MAHTAB CHAND,

Rana of Manaswal 1855/1871, born 1810, he was noted for his piety; married and had issue. He died 1871.

Tikka Khushal Singh, born 1832, died 1854.

Rana Sahib Singh (qv)

Rana Lehna Singh (qv)

Mian Shyam Singh, born 1847, married and had issue. He died 1901.

Kunwar Harnam Singh, born 1867.

Kunwar Uttam Singh, born 1870, died 1873.

Kunwar Bichittar Singh, born 1873, married and had issue.

Kunwar (name unknown) Singh, born 1895, died 1895.

Kunwar Gandharb Singh, born 1875.

Mian Udham Singh, born 1850, married and had issue. He died 1899.

Mian Ballabh Singh, died 1870.

Rana SAHIB SINGH,

Rana of Manaswal 1871/1881, born 1834, died 1881.

Rana LEHNA SINGH,

Rana of Manaswal 1881/1910, born 1836, he was a Provincial Darbari and was exempt from certain provisions of the Arms Act; married and had issue. He died 1910.

Tikka Upinder Singh [aka Opendra Chand] (qv)

Kunwar Ram Singh, born 1869, married and had issue.

Kunwar Sukhdeo Singh, born 1889.

Kunwar Baldeo Singh, born 1893, died 1894.

Kunwar Dinanath Singh B.A.(Hons.), LL.B., born 1895; Chief Minister of the Kumharsain Princely State;

Kunwar Janardhan Singh, born 1872, married and had issue. He died 1911.

Mian Ranbir Singh, born 1893, died 1894.

Mian Bikrama Singh, born 1895.

Kunwar Pardhuman Singh, born 1874, married and had issue..

Kunwar Prithi Singh, born 1877, married and had issue, four sons.

Rana UPENDRA SINGH,

Mian Balbir Singh, born 1887, died 1893.

Lt. Rana Narendra Singh (qv)

Kunwar Jagdish Singh, born 1927, married Kanwarani Vidya Deiji, daughter of Rana Bhabool Singhhji, Rana Sahib of Jadla, and his wife, Rani Sundar Deiji, and had issue.

Thakurani Nindera Deiji, married Thakur Om Prakash Singh of Gagret.

Kanwar Krishan Was Singh, born 1929.

Kanwar Baldev Singh, born 1931.

Lt. Rana NARENDRA SINGH,

Rana Gajendra Chand (qv)

Kanwar Kanwar Singh, born 1933.

Kanwar Inderjit Singh, born 1935.

Kanwar Aridaman Singh Doad, born 1947, married February 1973 at Chandigarh, Raj Kumari Vindeshwari Kumari, born 1st March 1953 at Sainj, daughter of Thakur Krishan Chand of Theog, and his wife, Thakurani Vidya Devi, and has issue, a daughter.

Kumari Gita Singh, born 1st February 1975.

Rana GAJENDRA CHAND,

Rana of Manswal, born 1929, married 1stly, Rani Tara Devi, elder daughter of Rana Vashisht Chand of Koti, married 2ndly, Rani Shakuntala Devi, younger daughter of Rana Vashisht Chand of Koti, and had issue.

Rana Yatendra Chand (by Rani Shakuntala Devi) (qv)

Kumari Hemant (by Rani Shakuntala Devi), married Brigadier (ret'd.) Rajeev Jamwal of Chamba, and has issue.

Kumari Pooja, married Wing Commander Rishi Kala, and has issue.

Amog Kala

Kumari Deepshikha

Kunwar Zorawar Jamwal, married Kunwarani Neha Rathore from Ajmer.

Kumari Snehlata (by Rani Shakuntala Devi), married Pushpendra Jhala from Ajmer, and has issue.

Apeksha Jhala

Naiha Jhala

Kunwar Nagendra Singh (by Rani Shakuntala Devi), married Kumari Priya Singh, and has issue.

Adiraj Singh

Nandhini Singh

Rana YATENDRA SINGH, Rana of Manswal (see above)

OTHER MEMBERS:

Kanwar Man Singh of Manaswal, married and had issue.

Kanwarani Sita Devi, married Kanwar Indar Singh of Koti.

Lieutenant Kanwar Lalit Kumar Singh of Manswal, married 1985, Raj Kumari Kanti Prabha Kumari, born 1957, daughter of Rana Krishan Chand of Khaneti, and his wife, Rani Devendra Kumari, and has issue, one daughter.

Kumari Ganeshwari Kumari, born 1987.

Raja Bikram Singh, Raja of Baghal 1904/1922, born 10th March 1893, died 3rd October 1922, married two Ranis from Manswal.

Col. Maharaja Sir Jai Chand VI, Raja of Lambagraon, born 1862, died 1935, married four Ranis from Manaswal.

'Buddha Avatar' from the prominent Gita-Govinda series by the first generation afer Nainsukh and Manaku, c. 1775. [Acc no 312]. At Govt. Museum Chandigarh, Acquired by Dr Randhawa from the collection of Garhi Manaswal in 1954.

2. Estate of Jaijon - Jaijon in the Hoshiarpur District was once the seat of Doad Rajas. In AD 965, Raja Jaypal came to the made its capital in hArd times

Under the mughal imperial rule the ghorewaha rai rup chand converted to islam.. n with the assitance of mughal forces captured the fort of jaijon which wss recaptured by jaswan ruler Raja Ram Singh who took up his residence here and build a fort in 1701,Jaijon was taken by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1815 . Granted which was dismantled at the annexation by the British Government.

3. Estate of Saroya - situated in the the south ..plain fields of garhshankar There is very little information available about this kingdom. Under Mugal rules they had to fight tough battle's it is believed that few survived of the 1775 massacre by korewan tribe. got grant from britisher also hold presence in beet tract,There is also mentions of Dod Rajput of Saroya in nawashaher gazetteer,There is a baradari which was built by Muhammad Sadik, who was an Umat Khatri, of Pasrur in the Sialkot District (Pakistan) and while a Hindu was called Bikhari Mal. He settle at Nawashahr and got involved in a quarrel with the Bhuchar Khatris of this place in the course of which two of the latter were killed. Bikhari Mal was summoned to Delhi, and found it convenient to turn Muhammadan on which he assumed the name of Muhammad Sadik. He was given a jagir, and continued his quarrel with the Bhuchars who obtained assistance from the Dod Rajputs of Saroya in Garhshankar Tahsil (Hoshiarpur District), and in a fight that ensued Muhammad Sadik was slain.

4. Estate of Kungrat -

Connected withthe ranas of mansarawal are the rana of kungrat in the neighbouring table land mountainous region, which is alsocalled bit, but lies in tehsil una, Jaswals tried hard to conquer Kungrat. They fought many battles to conquer it but each time they had to retreat. Finally, in 1800, there was an agreement between both tribes, in which they had finalised each others territory. By this the centuries old enemity of both tribes turned into friendship. In 1800, the ruler of Kangra, Maharaja Sansar Chand Katoch attacked the Jaswals. In this battle, the Doads helped the Jaswals. Raja Sansar Chand lost and retreated back. At this time, Deo Chand’s 41st generation was ruling Kungrat, under which 22 villages were dependent, Of the 22 dependent villages on kungrat, none pay talukdari to the Rana who is mere co-proprietor in kungrat, as the family lost it's position during the sikh rule, 1891 british gazetteer report the rule was under Rana Atar Chand being a respectable zamindar enjoying a sufed poshi allowance of rs 1500. Last ruler of Kungrat was Malkait chand and after independence of india that they shifted to gharshakar and his younger brother Balbir Singh Shifted to Mehandipur and its now known as balachaur. Nowadays Dod's are found in parts of Una. The new generations of king family are now settled in garhshankar.

In AD 965, Raja Jaipal came to the throne and thus the Hindu Shahi style penetrated into the valley. In AD 988, the rulers of Dodiya( turmar the name known by also for defeating turks barbaric invader) remained paramount power upto AD 1260.

GARHSHANKAR - ( BEET )

GarhshankarTahsil of GARHSHANKAR District, Punjab,

lying between 30° 59′ and 31° 31′ N. and 75° 51′ and 76° 31′ E., with

an area of 509 square miles.

The population in 1901 was 261,468,

compared with 264,141 in 1891. GARHSHANKAR TOWN (population,

5,803) is the head-quarters.

It also contains 472 villages, of which

JAIJON is of some historical interest.

The land revenue and cesses

amounted in 1903-4 to 4-4 lakhs. The physical features of the tahsil

are similar to those of Hoshiarpur, except that the hills are steeper and

torrent-beds less frequent. The Sutlej forms the southern boundary. The Plains of the present Hoshiarpur District probably came under the muhammadan rule on the fall of Jalandhar in AD 1088 but the hills, however, remained under the Dod Hindu Chieftains.

.Garhshankar was converted as a Tehsil by British Govt (1849–1947). Doad is the surname that belongs to Rajput Caste.Majority of them live in Block number 22 of Garhshankar, especially in the upper villages of Garhshankar popularly known as BEET.

In old times this area was under one Doad King who controlled all villages from Garhi Mansowal. In 1775, the Rajputs of The Ghorewahas conquered Garhshankar, killing the Doad King. Later during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, when he wanted to conquer the sub-mountainous region of Kandi, the Doads of Mansowal sent fifteen horse riders to help Maharaja Ranjit Singh in order to avenge their massacre by the Ghorewahas. In return, Maharaja granted the Doads the property of the lands of Mansowal. The British Empire also granted the property of eight villages to Doad Rajputs of Mansowal. This information is recorded on page 67 in Final Report of Revised Settlement, Hoshiarpur District, 1877–1884, by J. A. L. Montgomery, published 1885, Calcutta Central Press Co.

After the slaughter of Doads at Garh Shankar, five grandsons of the last Doad King survived. The youngest grandson of the last Doad King, who was also killed Korewans, was married to a girl from Ajnoha. During the Garhshankar tragedy, the wife of the youngest prince was at her parents house in Ajnoha because she was expecting a baby. She gave birth to a son.

Raja Bhinsi(Ghorewaha Rajput) descendent of Hawaha and raja of Ghorewaha estate defeated Doad and his family, thus taking control over Garhshankar. Bhinsi's grandson Rai Roopchand Singh (Ghorewaha) converted to Islam in 1605 and changed name to Rai Abid Khan. His tonmb (mazzar) was constructed in 1937 by Sardar Bahadur S.M Niaz Ahmed Khan. Rai Roopchand had more 25 including Gharhshankar itself and became Tikka of Gharhshankar. After Partition the progeny is Rai Roopchand migrated to Pakistan and settled at different places including Lahore, Arifwala, Montgomery, Faislabad etc. Up to partition Baats (coming from a place near Jaipur) visited the areas of Ghorewaha estate to keep record of the new-born males of the Ghorewaha

Dod a rajput found in hoshiarpur, the dods are almost entirely confined to the bit tract in the siwaliks their head being the rana (the upadhi which originally earn by fighting)is the rana of mansowal, jaijon n saroa were subsequently lost to the dods and after their defeat by mughal ghorewaha forces as they sank to there status in that region they sank to the stauts of rana's losing that of rajasof the 22 villages dependent on kungrat as the family lost its position during the sikh rule the rana of mansowal (garhShankar nowdays) however, maintained his position under the Sikhs and holds most of the 22 mansowal villages(beet+22=44) in jagirs, his brother holding the rest,

Another account runs thus:-

Four leaders of the clan migrated to shivaliks hills 1,200 years ago and thence to garh muktsar, thence jodh chand seized mansowal expelling hira, the mahton leader whose tribe held the tract 40 generation ago, rana chacho chand, the 19th rana was attacked by the katoch ruler, but his brother tilok singh(tillo)defeated him atmahetpur in una and tillo’s shrine at bhiwani is reverenced to this day, in sambat 1741rana jog chand repelled a jaswal invasion, rana bakht chand annexed bhalan with 12 dependent villages in una, his successor rattan chand, repelled a jaswal army under bhagwan singh sonkhla who was killed and in his memory, a shrine at kharalli was erected. A treaty now defined the jaswal and dod territories , under mian gulab singh, regent during achal chands minority, nadir shah is said to have visitedthe tract and ordered a massacre of rasali people, but the rana obtained from him a grant of bathri, then a jaswal village, rana jhagar chand, however espoused the jaswal’s cause when they were attacked by sansar chand of kangra in 1804 a.d and repulsed him on ranjit singh invasion of the mansowal plateau, the rana was confirmed in his possessions subject to contingent of 15 horse, the rule of inheritance was primogeniture, migrated by a system of lopping off villages as fiefs for younger sons, many of whose descendants still hold villages , thus reducing the size of estate

PLOT AGAINST DODA TRIBE -1775

The Ghoriwaha tribe made a deadly plot against the Dod's of garhshankar. They managed to buy Bharadwaj, the high priest of the Dod tribe and massacred the Dod's in a well planned scheme. When the Dod's were busy in the prayer, four members of the Ghorewan tribe entered the temple according to a well-defined plan and attacked the armless Dod's who were busy in prayer.

They killed brutally the Dod's and filled the tank of the temple with dead bodies of the Doda's. Thus, the Korewans finally succeeded in conquering Garhshankar. This event took place around 1775. The Dod's who managed to escape that slaughter migrated to other areas in Punjab (like Dandiyan, Mansowal, ...).Dod's regaining their power & their New Settlement's1. Mansowal: During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, when he wanted to conquer the sub-mountainous region of Kandi, the Dod's of Mansowal sent fifteen horse riders to help Maharaja Ranjit Singh, in order to avenge their massacre by the Ghorewahas. In return, Maharaja granted the Dod's the property of the lands of Mansowal. The British Empire also granted the property of eight villages to Dod Rajputs of Mansowal. This information is recorded on page 67 in Final Report of Revised Settlement, Hoshiarpur District, 1877-1884, by J. A. L. Montgomery, published 1885, Calcutta Central Press Co.

2. Settlements in Una Dist's of Himachal significantvillage of Dulehar, Singan & Bathu in current Himachal Pradesh. These Dod Rajputs are remnant of the larger Doda clan. This village apparently has a glorious history and nearly 100 soldier laid down their lives during World Wars 1 and 2.

3. Settlements in Firazpur, Bathinda & Abohar Dist's of Punjab: After the slaughter of Dod's at Garh Shankar, five grandsons of the last Dod King survived. The youngest grandson of the last Dod King, who was also killed Korewans, was married to a girl from Ajnoha. During the Garhshankar tragedy, the wife of the youngest prince was at her parents house in Ajnoha because she was expecting a baby. She gave birth to a son. In those days, it was not considered good to keep the son of a daughter in the village. Therefore, when the young prince became an adult in 1800, the villagers of Ajnoha built a house for him in the land of another village, Panchhat. In the course of time, his cousins, the sons of his two uncles, who were homeless uptil then, finally came to live with him in Panchhat. The son of his third uncle, whose name was Ghamandi, also came to live in with him. The brother of Ghamandi, named Jattu, went to live in Thakarwal. The descends of Jattu, went to live in New Thakarwal (Randhirgarh) and others came to live with the son of the youngest prince. Sometime later, they also brought the people of lower castes from Garhshankar to their place. Their place of residence was located in the low land. In the rainy season, their village remained full of water for many days. That is why their village began to be called “Jalwehra” meaning "terrace of water".In the beginning, the villagers of Panchhat opposed the creation of Jalwehra village in their lands. Many clashes took place between the two villages. Among the villagers of Jalwehra, Baba Mith Singh and Baba Bir Bhan Singh sacrificed their life to protect their village. Their memorials are today a place of worship in the village. A gurudwara honouring Baba Bir Bhan Singh was recently built on the site of the original memorial. The Dod's of Hoshiarpur started becoming Sikhs during Akali Baba Phula Singhs time. The first one was Nihang Koom Singh Doad (of vill. Jalwehra), who was the son of Ghamandi, and the great-grandson of the last king of Garhshankar. The Rajput residents of villages Jalwehra, Thakarwal and New Thakarwal (Randhirgarh) are descendents of the last Raja of Garhshankar who was killed by Ghorewahas.Large settlements of Dod's are found in Dist. Hoshiarpur (Punjab), Nawanshahar (Punjab) and Dist Una (Himachal). But there are also Dod's found in Faridkot, Bathinda, Ferozpur etc. Some Dod's who have immigrated to North America and Europe from village Jalwehra have changed their family name to Jalwehra or Dodd. In the earlier British accounts the Dod history was recorded under the "Dod Clan". The history of the Dod clan is beautifully described in A Glossary of the Tribes and castes of the Punjab and North -West Frontier Province compiled by H. A. Rose and based on the Census Report for the Punjab 1883, by Sir Denzil Ibbetson, and the census report for the Punjab 1892 by Sir Edward Maclagan. Published By the Asian Educational Services, pages 243-244.

KARNANA-

historical origin of this village can be traced back to the early sixteenth century. It is believed that the foundation of this village was laid by Mian Phul Chand of Jaswan, Fifth in generation to Sansar Chand of kalra were two brothers Mian Phul Chand and Mian Amnu (similar sounding name). Mian Phul Chand married a Doad Rajput lady from the royal houses of Gunachaur. He received some land in dowry from his in-laws. He later moved from Kalra to his new land and established the village of Karnana. Books like ‘Itihaas Doaba Rajput’ written by Parmar, A.C. shed some light on the very little documented history of Doaba Rajput Villages of this region. No doubt some references can be found in memoirs of Babur, Akbar and Jahangir translated by various authors but the information is varied and sketchy. There is an old Shivdwala consolidating old rajput ancestiry and gurdwaras linking as to how sikhism flourished at a later date in this region in the face of Mugal invasion as well as during Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s time to which this village is no exception.

DODA- ( GARH MUKTSAR ) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doda,_Punjab

The territory of which Muktsar now forms a part of was formerly ruled by the Doda Rajputs who held it for a considerable period. About the time of the first Muslim conquests of India, a colony of Bhati Rajputs, of whose stock the tribes of Manj, Naipals and Dogra Rajputs are branches, came from Jaisalmer under a leader, called Rai Hel, and settled to the south of the present town of Muktsar. They overcame the local Dod chief and firmly established themselves.

Dod's have also been associated with Guru Nanak Dev ji, as per the Bala Janamsakhi. On one of his journeys, Guru Nanak Dev ji along with his companion Mardana set up camp on the banks of the river Ravi. A Dod from a nearby village befriended Guru Nanak. It is said that Dod and his wife brought Guru ji milk on a daily basis and with Guru ji’s blessings, Dod’s family flourished and became prosperous. Guru Nanak Dev ji eventually settled at this site and it became to be known as Kartarpur. See http://www.globalsikhstudies.net/index.htm, English version of the Janamsakhi Tradition

DODA- (SHAKARGARH)

The village of Doda is situated in the Shakargarh pargana of the Gurdaspur district, and, like that of Jhanda, was founded by Dhir Randhawa. Jhanda was the original colony, and Doda was populated from it. The Dodia family ploughed and sowed their fields as simple husbandmen for some generations, till Gurbakhsh Singh Dodia, in the early days of

Sikh power, adopted the new faith and the profession of arms. He, with his brother, joined the Bhangi Confederacy, and soon became a Chief of some note. He was engaged in perpetual warfare with his neighbours, and in one of his expeditions against Imami, of the Pada tribe, his elder

brother Nathu was slain. Gurbakhsh Singh Dodia acquired a large tract of coimtry in the neighbourhood of Doda, including Sadhanwal, Ranjrur, Jasar and Bhopalwala, and also took

possession of part of the Jamu territory, building a fort only a few miles from the city of Jamu itself. He died about 1795, and was succeeded by his son Sudh Singh Dodia, who also became a man of some importance, and added largely to the family possessions.

Both Sudh Singh Dodia and his father were bitter enemies of the Jammu Raja, and this enemity nearly cost Sudh Singh Dodia his life ; for on one occasion, as he was riding to Lala Chak, about five miles from Jammu, he fell into an ambush laid for him by Ranjit Deo, and was fired at by a party of the Raja's troops. His horse was wounded in the neck, one ball lodged

in Sudh Singh's Dodia saddle, another struck the handle of his sword, and it was with difficulty that he made his escape. He died in 1813 ; and his family, knowing that they could not successfully oppose Ranjit Singh, sent Gaja Singh Dodia, cousin of Sudh Singh Dodia, who had left no male issue, to Lahore

with presents of two lakhs of rupees, an elephant and valuable horses, and offers of submission. Ranjit Singh, however, hearing of Sudh Singh's Dodia death, had already sent a force under Ganda Singh Safi to seize the fort of Jasar, situated about five miles from Doda. The family represented how matters stood, and begged for delay till the pleasure of the Maharaja should be known; but Ganda Singh was not to be

stayed, and directed an inunediate assault upon the fort, from which he was repulsed with loss. When Ranjit Singh heard of this failure, he laughed and said that '^ the safi had lost his safa.** The joke requires explanation. Ganda Singh before he was raised to the command of a regiment was a safij or man employed to brush away flies ; and safa is a cloth used as a turban, the loss of which among all orientals is considered disgraceful. Ranjit Singh made but few jokes; and'the success of this one pleased him so much that Gaja Singh Dodia

was well received, and twenty-five villages were released in his favour, subject to the service of eighteen sowars. He accompanied the Maharaja on his expeditions against Multan and Kashmir, and fought under Diwan Mohkam Chand in the battle of Attock in 1813, and was also present at the siege of Mankera. He died the year after this last expedition in 1822, when all his jagirs were resumed by the Maharaja.

Hari Singh Dodia(b 1809), his eldest son, was thus almost reduced to poverty, and took service with the Sindhanwalia Chiefs, Lahna Singh and Shamsher Singh, from whom he eventually received the command of fifty sowars. He fought gallantly at

Jamrud, where Hari Singh Nalwa was slain ; and his conduct on this occasion was rewarded by Ranjit Singh.

During the Satlaj Campaign he served under Sardar

Shamsher Singh Sindhanwalia, and after the occupation of Lahore he accompanied that Chief and Lieutenant Edwardes to Bannu on a salary of Rs. 600 a year. When the rebellion broke out at Multan, Hari Singh Dodia marched there with his superior and joined the rebels with Raja Sher Singh. He

asserts, indeed, that he attempted, withcommandant Karam Bakhsh of Batala, to escape from the rebel c camp, and that they had even commenced their flight, when they were seen by the enemy ; Karam Bakhsh, who was riding first, was shot dead, and Hari Singh Dodia himself was taken prisoner. Whatever may be the truth of this story, it is certain that Hari

Singh Dodia fought on the rebel side at Ramnagar and Gujrat ; and accordingly his village of Fatuwal, worth Rs. 600, and a portion of Doda were resumed. His cash pension of Rs. 500 was also confiscated ; but in 1852 he received a pension of Rs. 100, which he enjoyed until his death in 1870.

The share in the village of Doda possessed by Ind Kaur, the last surviving widow of Sardar Sudh Singh Dodia, was not resumed till the death of that lady some years afterwards.

Jawala Singh Dodia, son of Hari Singh Dodia, entered the corps known as the Suraj Mukhi at Ambala. He was obliged by ill-health to retire after a few years service, and is now an incurable insane. His eldest son, Bishan Singh Dodia, took service in 1872 in the 19th Bengal Lancers, and was with the regiment throughout the last campaign in Afghanistan. He

retired in 1881 owing to family quarrels, which necessitated his presence at home. His brother Ishar Singh Dodia is serving in the 6th Bengal Cavalry.

Sant Singh Dodia, another son, entered Hodson's Horse in 1857, and did good service in Hindustan. He retired in 1860, and died shortly after.

The Randhawa tribe is of Rajput origin, and its founder was resident in Bikaner, seven hundred years ago. From him have descended seven families, more or less distinguished in the history of the Panjab ; namely, Dbarmkot, Ghanianki, Chamiari, Doda, Dorangah or Talwandi, Kathu-Nangal and Ehunda. Some account of the five last of these families

will be given here. Khunda now takes the highest rank, while Kathu-Nangal, Dbarmkot and Ghanianki are of no present consideration whatever.

Little is known of Randhawa, a Jadu Rajput, the

ancestor from whom the tribe has derived its name. He was said to have been a great warrior, and his name Ran^ war, and dhawa^ a local form of dauma, to run, signifies his prowess ; but whether he was want to run into the battle or away from it is nowhere recorded. Neither he nor his immediate descendants left Bikanir ; but Kajal, fifth in descent from Randhawa emigrated to the Panjab and

settled near Batala,* which had been founded some time before by Ram Deo, a Bhati Rajput.

* Batala is stated to have been founded in 1465 A.D., bat in reality its age if far greater. Ram Deo first dig the foundations of the new town about two miles from the present site ; but every night the excavation which ho bad dag doring the day was filled np by sapemataral agency, and Ram Deo was at last compelled to change the site of the town, which be called Batala.

KOOM SINGH DOAD-

Koom Singh Doad was a Nihang of a Doad Rajput family of village Jalwehra. He was the son of a Hindu, Ghomandi (or Ghamandi). In the wake of the parchar in Doaba area by Akali Phula Singh, Koom Singh converted to Sikhi and was administered amrit by Akali Baba Phula Singh Nihang himself. Koom Singh was the first Sikh and first Nihang of his village Jalwehra. And one of the, if not the first, of his clan, in the Doaba area, to become a Sikh. He was the great grandson of the last king of Garhshankar (tehsil of district Hoshiarpur).

He had two sons, Buta Singh Doad and Bhuk Singh Doad.

He fought in many encounters against the Mughals and Afgans and also participated in the daring midnight raids on the plunderers of Punjab's treasures (gold, silver, jewels and its future—its children and women folk who were being taken to be sold as slaves and a forced converion to another religion.)

He was born in village Jalwehra, Garhshankar tehsil, district Hoshiarpur in Punjab around 1810-1815.

His descendants include, both his great-great-great grandsons,

SHAHEED BHAI Manjit Singh Babbar (Sikh hijacker and Shaheed) and

Sukhdev Singh Jalwehra (President of Khalistan Council, Brussels).

Koom Singh Doad was the decendant of Shankar Sahai Doad who ruled the whole Doaba, who in turn was a direct descendant of Vigraha Raja Deo Chand, Ruler Odra Desha

NOTABLE PERSONS OF DOAD CLAN:-

Name

City or village

Deeds

RAJA SHANKAR SAHAI DOAD

Garh Shankar.

Founder of Garh Shankar

RANA LEHNA SINGH

(1836- )

Manaswal

Notable Ruler of Beet-Manswal and Punjab Chief of Hoshiarpur District.

(Late)RANA MALKAIT CHAND

Una (HP)Kungrat

Last ruler of estate of Kungrat prior to independence of India .His sons Uday Bhan Rana and Chander Bhan Rana now live in Garhshankar and are prominent public figures there.

RANA GAJENDER CHAND

GARHI BEET-MANASWAL.

Last Ruler Prior To Independence of India.

SUBEDAR MAJOR GANGA SINH JI

MANASWAL

British Indian army

( C.S.O , V.C.O.)

DR. HANWANT B. SINGH

U.S.A

NASA

(ATMOSPHERIC SCIENTIST)

Recipient of Distinguished Service Medal

(Nasa Agency Highest Honor)

LORD DILJIT SINGH RANA / BARON RANA, OBE

BELFAST

BARON OF MALONE

( Member of the House of Lords of the United Kingdom )

MAJOR RAMPAL SINH (Late.)

NEW DELHI

INDIAN ARMY

( SL.C.O. )

(Son of Subedar Major Ganga Sinh)

RADHA SAOMI SATSANG BEAS,

PREACHER

COLONEL JAGDISH SINGH RANA

NEW DELHI

INDIAN ARMY

( son of Subedar Major Ganga Sinh )

MAJOR GENERAL BOBBY DOD

NEW DELHI

INDIAN ARMY

(grandson of Subedar Major Ganga sinh)

BRIGADIER KUSHAL SINGH

MANASWAL

INDIAN ARMY

M.L.A ????

Y.S. DADWAL (Katoch)

NEW DELHI

POLICE COMMISIONER -DELHI

DIRECTOR GENERAL - S.S.B { former}

KANWAR NIRMAL SINGH (Raizada??)

PANCHKULA

DIRECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE

HARYANA ( Former)

COLONEL JASBIR SINGH RANA

DEHRADUN

INDIAN ARMY

COLONEL DHARAMVEER SINGH

NEW DELHI

INDIAN ARMY

MAJOR DALIP RANA

NEW DELHI

INDIAN ARMY

(great grandson of Subedar Major Ganga Singh)

RANA BALBIR SINGH

Kungrat,Una

younger brother of Malkiat Chand.

his sons are now living in Balachaur(Mehandipur)their names are Anup Singh, Chandroop Singh, Ramesh Rana, Rajesh Rana.

KANWAR ARI DAMAN SINGH DOD

Manaswal.

Younger brother Rana Gajender Chand

CHAUDHARY AMAR SINGH DOAD

Jalwehra.

MLA of Hoshiarpur in the 50s.

HARNAAM SINGH DOAD

Jalwehra.

Freedom fighter during British Raj. Took part in Jaito Morcha and spent 14 months in Nabha Jail.

KARNAIL SINGH DOAD

District: Faridkot.

Former MLA & now chairman of Education Society.

SUKHDEV SINGH DOAD

District: Faridkot

District president of the Shiromani Akali Dal (A).

JATHEDAAR KOOM SINGH DOAD 'NIHANG'

Jalwehra.

Took amrit from Akali Baba Phoola Singh Ji.

SHAHEED MANJEET SINGH BABBAR

With his Brother in law and founder of Babbar khalsa, Mastermind of bombing Air India Kanishka Flight 182 Jathedar Talwinder Singh Parmar "Jinda Shaheed"

Jalwehra.

Sikh Separatist and General of Babbar Khalsa International.

SUKHDEV SINGH JALWEHRA

https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sukhdev_Singh_Jalwehra

BRUSSELS

President Khalistan Council.

KANWAR YASH PAL SINGH

[Village Dulehar, Dist. Una, HP]

Famous Economist, Educationist and Social worker

RAJKUMARI SHAKUNTALA KANWAR (of Tharoch State) (w/o Kanwar Yash Pal Singh Dod)

Dulehar, Dist Una, HP

Educationist; Social Worker; Ex. BJP Mahila Morcha President; Ex. Member BJP State Executive Committee HP; Ex. Director State SC, ST & Woman Welfare Corporation (HP); Ex. Membder HP Small Saving Board, State Telephone Advisory Committee, Dist Woman Cricket Association, Dahej Nivaran Committee Dist Una; Ex. Gram Panchyat Pradhan Village Dulehar;

DAVINDER SINGH DOAD (Late)

Jalwehra.

SP.

SHOBHA RANA

Nangal

Ex - M.L.C ( B.J.P)

(granddaughter in law of Subedar Major Ganga Singh ji )

JASBIR SINGH DOAD

Jalwehra.

Current Lambhardaar of Jalwehra.

---------------------------------------------

RAJGARH FORT - MALOT

Raja Dhruvpala Dev after long struggle of the hindu shahi regaining control of malot fort just before ghorid invasion, It was the rebellious king, Raja Ajaypal Dev, the son of Raja Dhruvpala Dev, who first converted to Islam.After his conversion, he followed the Islamic code of names and renamed himself as Raja Ajmal Khan.Securing his own empire, he conquered the Koh-e-Jodh, a mountain in the Salt Range, in 12th century and made Rajgarh his capital. This Rajgarh was renamed as Malot.The historians present varying accounts of Raja Ajmal Khan's conversion.Some say that it was his love for Islamic teaching and the saints that drove him to the net of Islam, while others say that it was an attempt to save himself and his emirate from the rage of Afghan invader, Shahabudin Ghauri.Every foreign invader at that time, from Alexander the Great to the Mughal king Babar, used to pass through the Salt Range, whenever they were instigated by the lust to capture the throne of Delhi.Thus, it was the Hindu Shahi kings who had to tackle the foreign adventurers, first.According to the historians, being a new convert, Raja Ajmal Khan was spared by the mighty army of Ghauri.For the time being, Raja Ajmal rested in ease, but a more violent and adventurous passion emanated from this temporary ease as he re-conquered the Salt Range and regained the glory, which his ancestors lost to the Turk invader, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, two centuries ago.Stocked with fresh passion of triumph, he advanced towards Multan, along with his Gakhar allies, and defeated Multan's governor appointed by Ghauri.He, then, moved to Lahore, successfully captured it and also blocked the strategic road between Punjab and Ghazni.After the death of Raja Ajmal, his siblings kept on their rebellion against the rulers of Delhi, until the Janjuas (Jaijana) were defeated by Ranjit Singh.The Malot Fort remained the centre of power of the Janjua Tribe till the early years of the 19th century.The fort was built during the 10th century. The remains of the fort show that, while constructing the fort with local red stones, the architects of that time were on their best in mingling the Kashmiri and Greek style of architecture together.

BHERA, BALANATH - (PHARWALA FORT, POTOHAR )

Pharwala Fort is about 40 km from Rawalpindi beyond Lehtrar road, The pharwala fort is originally a Shahi fort which was built most likely in the reign of Jaypala (or Raja Jaipal) in the 9th century. later, the Gakhars chief, Sultan Kai Gohar built it in 15th century on the ruins of a 10th century Hindu Shahi Fort.

DODRA DESH

DODA PEAK -

The Drang-Drung Glacier is a river of ice and snow by itself and is the largest glacier other than the Siachen Glacier in Ladakh outside the Karakoram Range.[6] It gives rise to a mountain peak named "Doda Peak", 21,490 ft (6,550 metres) high,[7] and it is the namesake for the Doda district, which lies in the rear side of the glacier;

DODA RIVER -

The Doda River or the Stod River is a river 79 kilometres (49 mi) long, which forms the Stod Valley in the Zanskar valley of the Ladakh region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Doda River rises from the Drang-Drung Glacier near Pensi La, a mountain pass off the Zanskar-Kargil road.

the Doda River is also known as Stod River. After rising from its source, the Doda River flows southeast down along the Kargil - Zanskar road in the main Zanskar valley, through the towns of Akshu, Abran, Kushol and Phey. The river then passes a confluence with its tributary, the Tsarap River, at Padum, the capital of Zanskar. Together, these two rivers form the Zanskar River, a tributary of the Indus River.

The river at Kursha Monastery

The Doda River contributes to the minimal agricultural production of the Zanskar valley by providing irrigation to the fields of barley, wheat, buckwheat and peas. Accessible in the summer, the Pensi La mountain pass at the source of the river receives heavy snowfall along with the other pass Zojila, which cuts off the Stod Valley from the rest of the country during winter, and the river freezes during this season. The river source at Pensi La lies 350 kilometres (220 mi) east from the Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir. The Doda River is famous for adventure sports. Rafting events are organised throughout the length of the Doda and the Zanskar.

DODA DISTRICT-

The Doda district consists of areas drawn from the ancient principalities of Kishtwar and Bhadarwah, both of which were part of a district by the name of 'Udhampur' in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

In 1948, the erstwhile Udhampur district was partitioned into the present Udhampur district, containing the Udhampur and Ramanagar tehsils, and a 'Doda' district containing the Ramban, Bhadarwah and Kishtwar tehsils.

In 2006, Ramban was made into an independent district and the hilly area to the east of the present Doda district was separated as the Kishtwar district. The remaining areas include the Doda tehsil carved out of Kistwar and the original Bhadarwah, now divided into three tehsils.

KSHEMWAD ( KISHTWAR) - DODRA DESH

Kishtwar has a 1,000-year recorded history. Its founded by kshempal its first ruler of Dor tribe who genealogy traced back to ruler of gauda desh (Bengal) who settled here in the period 900-1000 AD. Yet attempts are being made to club it with the Valley when its history and culture are different.

Kishtwar was one of the important state of the Punjab Hill States since ancient times. Kalhana in his Rajatarangini mentions it as Kshemwati. According to Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, Kishtwar is situated to the south of Kashmir and its distance was 60 kos (120 Miles) from Kashmir.

Raja KSHEMPAL married and had issue.

GANDHARAB PAL(qv)

Madan PAL

DevaPAL

Raja GANDHARAB PAL, ruled for 14 years.

Raja MAHIPAL

Raja RAMPAL

Raja KARAMPAL

Raja MADAN PAL

Raja BRAHM PAL

Raja UDHAT PAL fl.1088

Raja MATA PAL

Raja GANGA PAL

Raja SANG PAL

Raja RAKH PAL

Raja INDRA PAL

Raja AUTAR PAL

Raja BHOJ PAL

Raja RAI PAL, two petty local rulers succeeded in driving

him out of

his

capital for one year.

Raja DODA PAL

Raja UGAR PAL, added Sartali/Shatali to his state.

Raja MULDAR PAL

Raja LACHMAN SINGH, conquered Dachin in the Maru-Wardwan

Valley.

Raja SANGRAM SINGH fl.1420, conquered Nagsun, adding to his

state.

Raja SANGAR SINGH

Raja MAGAN SINGH

Raja DEVA SINGH

Raja VIR SINGH

Raja NARAIN SINGH

Raja SALHAN SINGH (son), conquered Surur and Bonjwah,

adding them to

his

domains, founded the village of Salhana above Kandani.

Raja RAI SINGH -/c1550, attacked by the Sultan of Kashmir

in 1547.

Kishtwar Get recognitions around 15 century when under

Rana Vijai Singh (1550-70) made territorial expansion conquering Saraj on the right bank of the Chinab above Doda. He also build a fort and founded a village name Vijai.

He was succeeded by Rana Bahadur Singh (1570-88) accepted sovereignty of Ali Shah Chak of Kashmir. He died in 1588 and was succeeded by his son Rana Partap Singh (1588-1618).

Rana Partap Singh (1588-1618)

Partap Singh ascended the throne of Kishtwar with the title of Bhup Singh in 1605 A.D. In 1606 A.D. MirzaAli Akbar, the Mughal Governor of Kashmir under the order of Emperor Jahangir sent an army under the commands Ahmad Khan, Dilawar Khan and Mirza Mohammad Khan against the Chak rebels who fought near Chatru. Aiba Chak the brother of Yaqub Shah fought on the side of Raja Mughal forces were severely beaten back Mirza Mohammad Khan, along with many soldiers, was killed in the battle field. Mirza Haider Koka met with a crushing defeat and found safety in fleeing away to Kashmir from the scene of disaster. This was second defeat of Mughals at the hands of Kishtwar forces. The Mughal authority was reduced to such an ebb that the Rana ruled almost independently throughout his life.

Henceforth Chaks spent their time peacefully in Kishtwar. Bhup Singh was son-in-law of Raja Sangram Dev of Jammu and Raja Saraj Mal of Dhameri (Nurpur).As such he wielded more power and was dauntless. He gave peace and prosperity to Kishtwar.

Rana Goad Singh (1618-29)

Goad Singh succeeded his father at age of 30. The Mughal Governor of Kashmir was in search of an opportunity to bring Kishtwar under his control and thus avenge the earlier defeat.Aiba Chak and Gohar Chak were encouraging strife in Kishtwar and were a source of great trouble to them. So the relations between the Rana and the governor remained strained from the very beginning. emperor Jahangir, while in Kashmir issued a farman in the 14 year in the name of Raja Sangram Dev of Jammu upon whom parganas of Jammu and its dependencies had been conferred, that he should render assistance to his armies sent to invent Kishtwar and imprison Rana Goad Singh. The emperor ordered Dilawar Khan the governor of Kashmir, to reduce Kishtwar. Dilawar made ample preparation for the invasion of Kishtwar because he was aware of the mountainous terrain, the determination of the Kishtwaris. In first instance he collected a huge force of ten thousand soldiers well equipped. He placed one of his son, Hasan to be incharge of the capital city of Srinagar. Dilawar Khan divided his forces into many contigents. One division advanced by the Marbal Pass, called Singpur in the record, under Dilawar Khan himself; another under the command of Jalal ; a second son and the other officers, by another pass, probably the Sinthan Pass, a third under his eldest son Jamal, acted as advance guard to his own force.

The advanced forces met on the descent from the passes at a place called Narkot and put to fight the Kishtwar army.After a delay of four months and tendays they managed to throw a Jhula, or rope bridge, over the river by night, some distance up, and 200 Afghans crossed and attacked the enemy at early down, taking them completely by surprise one of the soldier came upon the Rana and was about to kill him when he called out “I am the king, take me alive to Dilawar Khan”.

Nasrullah Arab was placed incharge of the state. The Rana was taken to Kashmir in chains and brought before the emperor. Jahangir was favourably impressed with Rana's appearance. He remarks – “He is not wanting in dignity. His dress is after the Indian fashion and he knows both the Hindi and the Kashmiri languages, contrary to the other reminders of these regions he looked like the inhabitant of a town”.

Shortly afterwards news came that an outbreak has taken place in Kishtwar in consequence of harsh treatment to Nasrullah Arab and his force had been destroyed. The out break was suppressed with great difficulty. On receipt of this news of out break the Rana was deported to Delhi and imprisoned in Gwalior Fort, then state prison.

In 1622, Goad Singh was liberated and permitted to return to Kishtwar, on condition of allegiance and tribute and a promise to send his son to court.

After the death of Jahangir, Shahjahan (1628-58) ascended the throne in 1628 A.D. Goad Singh came with the usual tribute, which the emperor, probably than in Kashmir accepted and recognised Jagat Singh as Tika or heir-apparent. Goad Singh was much delighted and distributed a lakh of rupees and clothing, among the needy. When Rana came to his capital, he built good houses and a fine deorhi or anteroom, 27 feel long by 18 feet broad. He also built a place at Bandarkot on the Chinab.

In A.D. 1629 Shah Jahan decided an invasion of the Dakhan and he also accompany the Bhagwan Singh, younger son of Goad Singh, who attracted the notice of the Emperor by his bravery. Goad Singh died inA.D. 1629, and was succeeded by his son Jagat Singh.

Rana Jagat Singh (1629-42)

Some time after his accession Jagat Singh invaded Bhadrwah, and in his absence a force from Balor (Basohli), under Raja Bhupat singh and an officer named Kantak, probably a member of the Balauri a family, advanced upon Kishtwar and captured it. Jagat Singh at once reacted and made every effort to recover his state, but in the end was defeated and killed. This invasion is confirmed by the Balor annals which state that Bhupat singh conquered Kishtwar and brought from there the Linga at Nilakanth which is still worshipped in Basohli. He is said to have planted 'reserved cadars' in Kishtwar.

Raja Bhagwan Singh (A.D. 1642)

On hearing about the death of his elder brother Jagat Singh became much shocked. Bhagwan Singh approached the emperor Shah Jahan for help against his enemy. The emperor issued a farman in the name of governor of Kashmir directing him to help the prince with a strong army for re-occupying his ancestral principality. On his departure Bhagwan Singh was required to leave one as a hostage and he named one, Ghias-ud-Din, who was accepted. The two brothers, Khatris by caste, named Jewan Sen and Kahn-Sen were sent with him to help in the administration and they enjoyed the rank of Khawaja (honourable distination at the Mughal Court). Their descendants still reside in Kishtwar. The Mughal army advanced from Kashmir by the Marbal Pass and having defeated the Basohli forces captured the leader, named Kantak. He was beheaded in the Chaugan. Bhagwan Singh was then installed as Raja, his brother having probably died without issue.

Bhagwan Singh sent mughal army back to Kashmir with presented and Khilats to commemorate the defeat of the Balouria troops the instituated a mela called Kantak Jatra, to be held yearly on the Chaugan. Bhagwan Singh is said to have added Ramban to the State.

Raja Maha Singh (A.D. 1661-74)

This Raja was also known by the name of Mahajan who ascended the gaddi after the death of his father Bhagwan Singh. He had two other brothers, Abhay Singh and Dodha Singh. Abhay Singh had embraced Islam with the title of Islam Yar Khan, probably in the Mughal court where he had been sent as a hostage. He is said to have been just and generous wise and learned and also a poet. Some of his compositions are still extant. He was also well read in the Hindu Shastras and was superior to the Rajas of his time. During his reign Kishtwar enjoyed a great measure of prosperity and the capital had a large population. The following incident is told of him. One year there was no rain and the country suffered from a severe famine. As a remedy for the distress the Raja proceeded to a place called Chauki Kalawa to do obeisance to the God Nilkanth (i.e. Siva). With his face to the east he recited a poem composed by himself in praise to diety, and describing the miserable condition of his subjects, and describing the miserable condition of his subjects.The prayer was heard and as soon as the Raja had finished. His prayer was granted. There was a heavy rainfall fields were watered and the dry land quencbed its thirst. People heaved a sigh of relief. Crops did not fail peace and prosperity was thus restored in the principality.

Sometime after his accession Aurangazeb ordered the Vakil of Kishtwar at the Mughal Court to sent for the Raja. In the meantime the state hostage (Ghias-ud-Din, was thrown into prison. Abdul Qasim, his son, at once set off to Kishtwar to summon the Raja. The Raja however did not comply with the order; but to appease the Emperor's wrath he agreed to build a mosque and employ mullahs from Kashmir with a grant of land for their maintenance.

A large number of civil appointments were also given to Muslims. Abdul Qasim then returned to Delhi and reported all these things to the Emperor. However the Jaya Singh the eldest son of Maha Singh, was also sent to Delhi and was also introduced to the Emperor. He was afterwards permitted to return home and was welcomed with great manifestations of Joy – Ghias-ud-Din continued to act as hostage for the state and on his death one Mahabat Khan was appointed. Mahajan had three sons, named respectively, Jaya Singh, Rama Singh and Sirdar Singh. He ruled only a short period and abdicated the throne in favour of his eldest son Jaya Singh. He himself preferred to live a secluded life.

Raja Jay Singh (A.D. 1674-81)

On the advice of his father Maha Singh he made his younger brother, Ram Singh, Wazir of the State, and appointed Sardar Singh to the commander of the army.

A mosque, Masjid Khawaja Garib already been built during the rule of Raja Maha Singh in the town. During his rule muslims from Kashmir often visited Kishtwar. Some muslim families from Kashmir settled around the mosque. The Raja was suspicious of the Muslim influence. His courtiers also advised him to put a stop to their settlement. Accordingly he issued an order not to permit any muslim visitors to remain longer than a day in the territory, failing which they would be punished.

When this announcement reached the Mughal Court, emperor Aurangzeb called for an explaination of the Raja. To avoid this situation of Jay Singh sent his brother Ram Singh as a hostage to the Mughal Court, in the company with Abdul Qasim, whose father had acted as hostage for the state during Bhagwan Singh's reign. The Raja's youngest brother, Sardar Singh, was not a trustworthy person. He conceived some ill will against his brother. He retired to Kashmir, and being unable to obtain his object, he then proceeded to Delhi and was introduced to the emperor. When Jay Singh heared of this he at once sent his own son Kirat Singh to Delhi. Kishtwar, the capital was then very prosperous and had 4,000 inhabitants.

During the reign of Raja Jay Singh that the famous Sufi saint Syed Mohammad Farid-ud-din Qadri, popularly known as Shah Sahib, came to Kishtwar all along from Bagdad. He was a descendent of Abdul Qadir of that place and under-took his journey in consequence of a dream, in which he was told to go and preach in Kishtwar. He reached India towards the end of Shahjahan's reign and remained some years in Agra and Delhi. On finally arriving at Kishtwar he took up his abode, along with his four companions in the house near the Lakshmi-Narain Temple, which is now the site of his Ziarat or tomb, and a famous place of pilgrimage. Raja Jay Singh is said to have embraced Islam on seeing the miracles performed by the saint, and received the name of Baktiyar Khan. He also started a policy of reconciliation towards the muslims in Kishtwar. He soon afterwords died and was succeeded by his son, Kirat Singh.

Raja Kirat Singh (1681-1728)

Kirat Singh ascended the gaddi of his father after his death. His father Jai Singh abdicated the throne in his favour. Ram Singh, his uncle was appointed as wazir.

Kirat Singh reign witnessed the forcible conversation of the administration as well as a large part of the Hindu, population. As stated earlier, Kirat Singh had been compelled to embrace Islam unwillingly. Aurangzeb recognizes him Raja of Kishtwar probably on condition of his conversion. He received the name of Saadat Yar Khan, and the emperor granted him three lakhs of rupees, an elephant and 60 thousand Kharwars 9 grain.

The following conditions were imposed upon him :

1.No Tax should be put upon muslims, and no one should be molested for embracing islam. 2.The Muslim worship should be performed and the Id festival duty observed. 3.The Hindus should be oppressed and kine killed.

These orders were engrossed in a document and signed by the Raja in the presence of witnesses, the document being made over to Abdul Qasim probably for transmission to the Emperor.At the same time Abdul Qasim was by order of the emperor appointed Qazi to administer justice in the state.

After the above mentioned order the Kishtwaris broke into rebellion and massacred huge number of the muslims. Inayat Ullah, son of Abdul Qasim saved his life by taking refuge with Sayyid Shah Faridud-din. By listening about it Nawab of Kashmir at once sent an army to suppress it. Kirat Singh then returned to Kishtwar and his example in embracing Islam was followed by many of his people.

In 1717 on the message of Sheikh-ul-Islam to Raja on the marriage of his sister, Bhup Devi with the emperor, she was sent to Delhi and married to Farrukhsiyar. She was accompanied by the Raja's younger brother, Mian Muhammad Khan, who received a Khilat and a Jagir of eight villages in Kashmir.

About the marriage Irvine writes, another wife of conclubine, the daughter of the hill Raja of

Kishtwar, entered the royal harem on 24 Rajab 1131 Hijri corresponding to 3 July, 1717. Another th rd

authority refers to the Rajput princess to be a 'gentile women, that is, not muslim. She is said to have become his consort or empress, and this connection caused much scandals among the muslims and was the chief reason why Farrukhsiyar was deposed and murdered. She is said to have been a 'heathen' women like most of the Hindu women married to muslim princes, adhered to the Hindu faith and performed, Hindu rituals in her palace. Even the rulers of Kishtwar though forced to embrace Islam outwardly had retained their reverence for their old faith. Tegh Singh the last ruling chief of Kishtwar though himself a muslim entertained the services of a RajPurohit or family priest and even issued a grant of land to him, and it is probable that this custom had continued unbroken in the family in the time of his predecessors. In 1820 Ranjit Singh granted Jammu as jagir to this Dogra family subject to the condition that they would liquidate Dogra freedom fighter Mian Doda (p.152 & 167 ‘A Short History of Jammu’ by Raj Sukhdev Singh Charak); and punish the King of Kishtwar, Raja Mohammad Tegh Singh, for sheltering Shah Shuja (in 1815), the fugitive Afghan king and the owner of Kohinoor diamond.

Kirat Singh had a long reign of 47 years and was at last assassinated by one, Krishna Padhiar at Gulab Bagh.

Thus during the 17 century despite the efforts of the mughal emperors to annex Kishtwar, its rulers succeeded in maintaining their sovereignity. The Rajas such as Goad Singh, realised that Kishtwaris were capable to resist the domination of the outsiders. When the mughal emperor adopted the policy of persuation the Kishtwari rulers allied with them and accepted sovereignity of the mughals. Kishtwar was one of the Punjab Hill States which succeeded in keeping its political identity.

REFERENCES

1.Hutichison & Vogal : History of Punjab Hill States, (1993). Vol. II,Asian Educational Service. 2.Bamzai, Socio-Economic History of Kashmir, Gulshan Book Publishers (Sgr.) 3.Charak, History of Himalayan States. Vol. V, Light & Life Publishers, Delhi (1978) 4.Pt. Shivji Dhar, Tarikh-i-Kishtwar, Peastan, Srinagar. (1962) 5.Nar singh Dass Nargis, Tarikh-i-Jadid Dodra Desh. (1967) 6.Shivji Dhar,Tarikh-i-Kishtwar, Srinagar. (1969)

7.D.C. Sharma, History and Culture of Kishtwar, Kishtwar. (1955)

8.Jahangir, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri Vol. I & II. Eng. Tr. ByAlexander Roger, Delhi.(1994). 9.Kalhana, Rajatarangini Vol. II. Org. Tr. by M. Stein. Moti Lal Banarsi Dass Publishers, (1989). 10.Frederic Drew: The Jammu and Kashmir Teritories. Oriental Publishers, Delhi. (1971).

Raja AMLUK SINGH [Sa’adatmand Khan] 1728/1771, married and

had

issue.

He died 1771.

Raja MIHR SINGH (qv)

Raja SUJAN SINGH (qv)

Mian Dalel Singh, had descendants in Chamba.

Mian Guman Singh, tried to seize power in 1789, married

and had issue.

Mian Ajit Singh, married and had issue.

Mian Fateh Singh, married and had issue.

Mian Anwar Singh, granted a jagir in Himgari

pargana in Chamba, whose

present

head (1930) is Mian Autar Singh of Himgari-Chamba.

Mian Dalip Singh

Raja MIHR SINGH 1771/1786 [Sa’idmand Khan], married Rani

Vilasamaji and

had issue, one daughter, who was substituted for a boy born at the same

time. He died 1786.

Mian Kundan Singh of Bhadrawah,

appointed

Raja of Kashtwar in 1786 for a short time, by the Raja of Chamba who

had

invaded and occupied Kashtwar, he was displaced and died in Chamba,

where

his descendants still live.

Raja SUJAN SINGH 1786/1787 for 10 months, married and had

issue. He died

1787.

Raja INAYATULLAH SINGH (qv)

Raja PRITHI SINGH 1787/1788, putative son of Raja Mihr

Singh. He died sp

1788.

Raja INAYATULLAH SINGH 1788/1789, married and had issue.

Raja MUHAMMED TEGH SINGH (qv)

Raja LAL DEV of Jammu,

held power for a period of two years 1788/1789

opposition to the rightful ruler, a member of the Jammu Royal Family.

Raja GULAB SINGH, held

power for 40 days in 1789, a cousin of the

following.

Raja MUHAMMED TEGH SINGH [Saifullah Khan] 1789/1823,

displaced for a time

by a relative, who was eventually poisoned, gave shelter to the Afghan

ruler, Shah Shuja to 1816, from Maharaja Ranjit Singh, for which the

state

In 1821raja Gulab Singh attacked Kishtwar, took its Raja prisoner and sent him to Lahore where he died through poison given by his servant. Kishtwar eventually served Jammu Kashmir Maharaja Gulab Singh as a springboard to launch his Ladakh campaign

(GARHMUKTESHWAR REGION )

BULANDSHAHER - (BARAN)

This town was earlier known as Vana (वाणा). This was ruled by Dod Kshatriyas, foundation of the town laid by Raja Vikrama Sen of Dod Rajputs. During reign of Prithvirah the ruler of this area was Anang. Anang had left a grant of v.s. 1233 (1176 AD). According to this grant 16 generations of Dods ruled here. They probably established here around 900 AD. When Mahmud Gazanvi attacked Mathura, Bulandshahr was ruled by Hardatt Dod.

In 1193 kutb-ud-din apeeared before baran (Bulandsheher).which was for some time strenuously defended by the Dod Maharaja ChandraSen; but through the treachery of his kinsmen Jaypal and his servant Hira Das, Brahman, the fort was taken.

MAHARAJA CHANDRASEN perished in the assualt but not before he had killed with an arrow Khwajah Lal Ali, whose Dargah still exist to the east of the balai kot to the present day.

The traitor ajaipal was rewarded wih the title of Malik Muhammad Daraz Kad. His descendants are still properietors of the portions of the township of baran and profess to have a document in their possesion conferring the right of CHAUDHARISHIP upon them.

The resisting Dod tribe remainants in adjoining areas after the qutub- ud-din retreat.. were too came in prithviraj way who lent his influence against the remaining Dod royals and raised a monument to commemorate a victory that he gained over them . The Dods rapidly decline after the conquest and posses only one entire village in the district.

Raja Hardatta, a leader of the Dor Rajputs, who took possession of Meerut, Koil, and Baran, and built at each place a fort. The ruins known as the Balai Kot, or upper fort, at Bulandshahr are pointed out as the remains of the buildings erected by Hardatta. One of the earliest authentic references in Musalman histories to this district is connected with Raja Hardatta. The author of the 7'dr(kh-i- Yam'mi mentions1 that in 1018-19 A. D. Mahmud of Ghazni arrived at Baran, the fort of Hardat, who was one of the Rais of the country. When Hardat heard of the approach of the invader he trembled greatly and feared for his life. "So he reflected that his safety would be best secured by conforming to the religion of Islam, since God's sword was drawn from the scabbard and the whip of punishment was uplifted. He came forth, therefore, with ten thousand men, who all proclaimed their anxiety for conversion and their rejection of idols." Baran was there upon restored to Hardatta.

One of the immediate consequences of this raid of Mahmud was a general upheaval of the western tribes and a marked immigration towards the Duah. Tradition has it that the Mewatis or Meos, about this time, entered the district in large numbers and sett!sd towards the southern borders. Undeterred by the presence of the Dors, 1 Duwsou's Elliot, IX., 4».

they pursued their hereditary occupation of thieving and murder, and became such a source of trouble to the Dor ohieftain that he was glad to call in others to aid him in restoring order. A large party of Badgujars were on their way from Raju in Alwar to aid Prithiraj in his war with the Mahoba Chandels. To Raja Part&p Singh, the leader of this party, was intrusted the duty of clearing out the Meos, and after a long and determined struggle he succeeded in ousting them from Pahasu, Dihai, and Anupshahr. He made Chaundera his head-quarters, and gradually acquired other villages by marriage, purchase or violence. The Badgujars were nominally feudatories of the Dors, and the supreme power remained in the family of Hardatta until the arrival of the Mu

salman general Kutb-ud-din Aibak, who in 1193 A.D. Kutb-ud-din, 1193 A. D. °

captured Meerut and Baran, and- established his own

officers in each place as governors. Chandrasen was the Raja of Baran at this time, and he repelled the attacks of the enemy with great vigour until betrayed by his kinsman Ajayapal Dor and his servant Hira Singh, Brahman, the fort was taken. Chandrasen perished in the assault, but not before he had killed with an arrow Khwajah Lai Ali, whose dargah still exists to the east of the Balai Kot to the present day. The traitor Ajayapal was rewarded with the office of Chaudhri of Baran, and on his conversion to Islam received the title of Malik Muhammad Daraz Kad. His descendants are still proprietors of portions of the township of Baran, and profess to have a document in their possession conferring the right to the Chaudhriship upon them.1 The governorship was bestowed upon one Kazi Niir-ud-din Ghaznavi, whose descendants still reside in the town and bear the hereditary honorific title of Kazi. Prithiraj, too, lent his influence against the Dors, and raised a monument to commemorate a victory that he gained over them.2

The Dors rapidly declined after the conquest, and, now, possess only one entire village in the district. The Gtijars date their arrival in the north of the district from the Musalman conquest; they came from Gujrat in the Panjab. The fourteenth century is also marked by a general immigration of Rajptft tribes. The Bhals under Kirat Singh invaded the south of the district and expelled the Meos

Bhawan Bahadur Naqar, a village of parganah Sayana and tahsil Baran of the Bulandshahr district, lies 5 miles west of Sayana and 16 miles north of the civil station. The population in 1865 was 3,301, and in 1872 was 3,306. It was founded by a Dor Rajput during the rule of that dynasty, t>ut about 1104 A.D. the Dors were supplanted by one Bhojraj Taga, from whose descendants the proprietary right was purchased in 1761 A.D, by the Kuchchesar talukadar. There is a school and a fine masonry haveli here.

the founder of the town, and who are now found all over

India. The office of kanungo has been until lately hereditary in their family.

One of them, Sital Das, kanungo, mentioned below, immortalized himself by

founding a gar.j in the city and calling it by his name. The Chaudhris, called

also Tantas, are the descendants of one of the men who in the time of Chandrasen

opened the gates of the fort to Muhammad Ghori. For this service he was

rewarded by the conqueror with the Chaudhriship of the parganah, and, on bis

becoming a Musalman, with the title of M&lik Muhammad. These Chaudhris

have a bad reputation for irascibility, and have shown themselves to be dangerous

and untrustworthy on more than one occasion. True to their blood they are

said to have opened the gates of the upper town to the Sikhs in 1780, and

during the disturbances of 1857 to have been the first to plunder the bazar.

Baran is a place of some antiquity, and even to the present day coins of

Alexander the Great and the Indo-Bactrian Kino-8 of History. . °

upper India are found in and around the town. The

late Mr. G. Frceling collected a large number. Its early history is given in the history of the district (page 82). First called Banchati, it subsequently received the name of Baran from Raja Ahibaran, and again from its position the name of Unchhanagar, which has been Persianised into the form Bulandshahr, or "high town." Hardatta, Dor, who ruled here at the time of Mahmud's invasion of India, bought off the conqueror by large presents, or, as some say by his apostacy to Islam. The last Hindu Raja was Chandrasen, Dor, who gallantly defended his fort against Muhammad Ghori. With his own hand he slew Khwajah Lai Ali, one of the principal officers of the invading army, whose tomb still stands about 900 yards to the east of the town. But his valour was of no avail, since two of the Raja's own servants opened the gates to the enemy. The Raja was himself killed in the defence.

KOL - ( ALIGARH )

According to an 1875 gazetteer written by Edwin T. Atkinson points out a "legend" that Kol was founded by Raja Budh Sen of the Dor tribe of Rajputs in 372. This is further confirmed by an old fort, the ruined Dor fortress, which lies at the city centre.

ABOUT DOR FORTRESS-

Dor Fortress, one of the major sightseeing attractions, is located on a small hillock in the Upper Kot of the city centre. The testament is named after King Buddhsen Dor., who laid foundation of the testimony.

During olden times, King Dor's court proceedings were organised at the site. Those days the site was known as Mohalla Ghosiyan-Parkatan, which is Police Kotwali's Southern corner at present.

There was a large well, horse stable and a stable for elephants during yesteryears located in the west of Kotwali. A tall minaret was constructed within this fortress by a Rajput ruler, Mangalsen for his widow daughter Padmawati who used to view Holy River Ganga from it’s top galleries. The minaret was destroyed due to some reasons by British Governor Admeston in the year 1861-1862.

Some time before the Muslim invasion, Kol was held by the Dor Rajputs. At the time of Mahmud of Ghazni, the chief of the Dors was Hardatta of Baran. Statues of Buddha and other Buddhist remains have been found in excavations where the citadel of Koil stood, indicating a Buddhist influence. Hindu remains indicate that the citadel probably had a Hindu temple after the Buddhist temple.

In 1194, Qutb-ud-din Aibak marched from Delhi to Kol, "one of the most celebrated fortresses of Hind". Qutb-ud-din Aibak appointed Hisam-ud-din Ulbak as the first Muslim governor of Koil

HARIPUR -( HAPUR )-

In Lok-shruti (local legend) says that Hapur was founded by Dod Ke Sardar, Hardatta, in 983. After this Hapur was called Haripur. It is also said that Hapur came from the word 'Hapar' which means garden. Hapur is located at . It has an average elevation of 213 meters (699 feet). It is bound on the north by Meerut, in the south by Bulandshahr while Ghaziabad form the southern and western limits. Jyotiba phule nagar district lies to the east of the district. The river Ganges forms the eastern boundary and home to the sacred place known as `Garhmukteshwar` where lakhs of people come every year for pilgrimage. The ground is not rocky and there are no mountains. The soil is composed of pleistocene and sub-recent alluvial sediments transported and deposited by river action from the Himalayan region. These alluvial deposits are unconsolidated.[2] Lithologically, sediments consist of clay, silt and fine to coarse sand.

Dod visaya is a name mentioned in Indore Copper-plate Inscription of Skandagupta Year 146 (=A,D. 465). (See - Gupta inscriptions. This shows their lineage with MAURYAN Kings.

(RAJPOOTANA " RAJASTHAN " REIGN )

IX Nadol Stone Inscription of Rayapala V.S. 1198 (1141 AD) (See -Chahamans of Mewar) identifies Dodrika of this Inscription as Dod of Rajasthan.

Dodiyas defeated them and continued to rule here in this region till v. s. 1300 (1243 AD).

JAHAZPUR FORT

Jahajpur area in Mewar was also ruled by Dods. An inscription of their rule is found of the year v.s. 1334 (1177 AD). Telanjarai Dod was a ruler at Prithviraj time

GAGRON FORT ( DODGADH) - WORLD HERITAGE SITE -

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247

Proudly holding the award of being a “world heritage site”, Gagron fort is located in the Jhalwad district of Kota, Rajasthan. As all know, Rajasthan is the only state in India articulated with forts somewhere or the other. No matter where a traveler goes in this royal state, a fort is always there to welcome him. Indeed, it is the only fort in India that does not have any kind of foundation.

This beautiful fort of Gagron is known for its legends,The glorious Gagron fort is a fine example of 'Jal Durg' or 'Water fort', which is one of the nine types of durgs or forts, mentioned in the Hindu Shastras.

The fort of Gagron situated among such natural environs is regarded as one of the most important forts of Rajasthan that it also been included as a six majestic forts received international recognition with Unesco including them in the World Heritage Sites on Friday.

The six forts —Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Jaisalmer, Ranthambhore (Sawai Madhopur), Gagaron (Jhalawar) and Amber (Jaipur) —were recognised as serial World Heritage Sites in the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia .

“The eclectic architecture of the forts, some up to 20 km in circumference, bears testimony to the power of the Rajput princely States that flourished in the region from the 8th to the 18th centuries. Enclosed within defensive walls are major urban centres, palaces, trading centres and other buildings including temples that often predate the fortifications within which developed an elaborate courtly culture that supported learning, music and the arts,” the WHC said in its official declaration.

The WHC took special note of the forts' use of the natural defences offered by the terrain.

“The forts use the natural defences offered by the landscape: hills, deserts, rivers, and dense forests. They also feature extensive water harvesting structures, largely still in use today. The extensive fortifications up to 20 km in circumference optimised various kinds of hill terrain, specifically the river at Gagron, the dense forests at Ranthambore, and the desert at Jaisalmer, and exhibit important phase of development of an architectural typology based on established traditional Indian principles,”.

http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1043

The Gagron fort stands majestically on the crest of a hill at the confluence of the Kalisind and the Ahurivers. The former surrounding it from three sides provides an unsurpassable barrier.

Location and Architecture

The valley near Gagron is full three miles wide, the soil fertile and the scenery highly picturesque. The forest of each side echoed with screams of the peacocks, the calls of partridge, and the note of jungle cock who was crowing his motives as the sun gladdened hi retreat.

The fort of Gagron situated among such natural environs is regarded as one of the most important forts of Rajasthan. The fort was constructed by the Dod Rajputs in whose possession it remained up to the 12th century, A.D. The fort is also called Dodgarh after its founder Bheempala Dod established their capital at Dodgarh (Gargum). This is mentioned in an Inscription of v.s. 847 (791 AD). This area was under King Aprajita of Nagavanshi rulers . We have nothing important to record of the actions of Aparajit, who had two sons, Kalbhoj and Nandkumar. Kalbhoj succeeded Aparajit, and his warlike qualities are extolled in an inscription discovered by the author in the valley of Nagda. Nandkumar war with Bheempala Dod (Doda) of Dodgarh in the South. whom being succeeded by Govindpala dor and continued to rule here till v. s. 1300 (1243 AD). The inscription,

dated a.d. 971, is in form of a dedication to LakulTsa, a form of

Siva represented as bearing a club, and refers to the Saiva sect

known as Lakullsa-Pasapatas. It records the name of a king

named Sri-Bappaka, ' the moon among the princes of the Guhila

dynasty,' who reigned at a place called Nagahvada, identified

with Nagda, an ancient town several times mentioned in The

Annals, the ruins of which exist at the foot of the hill on which

the temple of Eklingji stands. Sri-Bappaka is certainly Bapa

or Bappa, the traditional founder of the Mewar dynasty, which

had at that time its capital at Nagda.

during the reign of prithvirah just before ghorid invasion the ruler of this area was Bijaldeo. Bijaldeo had left a grant of v.s 1271 ( A.D 1195 ) according to this grant 40 generations of dod's ruled here. In accordance with the legends it is believed that King Alaudin Khilji invaded Gagron in 1300 A.D. remained under there possession for some period However, the fort was re conquered by King Jait siha. Later, Raja Pratap siha, the successor of King Jaitsi urbanized Gagron as one of the wealthiest areas in Malwa even before cities such as, Bundi, Jaipur and Kota emerged. While he denounced everything and wished to attain nirvana later in his life, Raja Pratap siha relinquished the throne as he moved towards religious studies and became celebrated by the name “Saint Pipa”. He attained the merit of being one among the twelve sages of the “Ramanand Sampradaiya”. In fact, there is a monastery in Dwarka (Gujarat) in his name. The monastery is known as Pipa Math.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PIPLODA (PRINCELY STATE)

http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/piploda.html

Before Indian independence, Piploda was the capital of the princely state of the same name. It was ruled by Rajputs of the Dodiya clan. The state had an area of 91 km². Piploda was a dependency of Jaora state until 1924, when it became a separate state. The rulers acceded to the Government of India on June 15, 1948, and Piploda became part of Ratlam District of Madhya Bharat state.

PIPLODA(Princely State)

AREA:189.07 km²

PRIVY PURSE:Rs30,000

ACCESSION:15th June 1948

STATE:Madhya Pradesh

DYNASTY:Dodiya Rajput

RELIGION:Hindu

POPULATION:9,627 (1931)

REVENUE:Rs1,37,000 (1931)

AGENCY:Malwa Agency

PRESENT RULER:

Raja RAGHURAJ SINGH, Rawat Saheb of Piploda since 20th July 1936("Piploda House" Manoramaganj, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh,India)born posthumously on 17th January 1936

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY:

Founded in 1547 by Rawat Sawalsinghji, a younger son of the Rawat ofMandawal. When the Jaora State was created by the Treaty of Mandsor in 1818, it was guaranteed tribute and a share insayercollections from Piploda. In 1923, the Government of India re-affirmed the status of Piploda as a mediatized state independent of Jaora, and recognized the title of Rawat as the territorial tilte of the ruler. The Rawat abolished all sayer taxes in his state with effect from 1st May 1933.

Rulers were....*.

Thakur SADAL SINGHJI[Shardul Singhji], 1st Thakur and founder of Piploda; married and had issue.*.............*.

Thakur PRITHVI SINGHJI, (10th?) Thakur of Piploda 1820/-, married and had issue.*.Thakur Umed Singhji (qv)*.

Thakur UMED SINGHJI, Thakur of Piploda, married and had issue.*.Thakur Onkar Singhji (qv)*.

Thakur ONKAR SINGHJI, Thakur of Piploda -/1863, married and had adoptive issue. He died 12th November 1863.*.(A)Rawat Dulai Singhji [Dule Singhji](qv)*.

Maharawat DULAI SINGHJI, Thakur of Piploda 1863/1888, born 1852, succeeded 30th November 1863, 13th in descent from founder, married and had issue. He died 26th October 1888(#1).*.

Rao Kesri Singhji (qv)*.

Thakur Raghunath Singhji Dodiya, married and had issue.*.

Thakur Narayan Singhji Dodiya of Kanser, educated at Daly College, Indore; he pays all cesses to the state and renders service,*.

Kuwar Natwar Singhji Dodiya*.

Thakur Vijay Singhji Dodiya of Shakar Kheri, he pays all cesses to the state and renders service, married and had issue.*.

Kuwar Man Singhji Dodiya, married and had issue, one son.*.

Kuwar Bhagwat Singhji Dodiya, married a lady of Sarsi, and had issue , two sons and one daughter.*.Kuwar Pravin Singhji Dodiya, married a lady from Sikandarabad in U.P., and had issue, one son and three daughters.*.Kuwar Kirat Singhji Dodiya, married Kuwarani Gajendra Kumari from Ranasan, G.J., and had issue, two sons and two daughters.*.Baisa (name unknown) Kumari, married Rana Dongar Singh of Barwaha, born 1900, and had issue, two sons and one daughter.*.Baisa Gauri Kumari [Rani Gauri Kumari of Jhaknaoda], married, (as his second wife), Thakur Narayan Singhji Rathore ofJhaknaodain Jhabua, M.P., and had issue, one daughter.*.Baisa Ratan Kumari (by Rani Gauri Kumari), born 1935, married Kumar Shri VijaySingh Rawal of Malpur in Maharashtra, and has issue, two sons and three daughters.*.Baisa Har Kumari, married into Mindasun, G.J. She diedsp.*.Baisa Subdhara Kumari, married (as fourth wife), Thakur Narayan Singhji Rathore ofJhaknaodain Jhabua, M.P., and had adoptive issue.*.Kuwar (name unknown) Singhji Dodiya*.Kuwar Arjun Singhji Dodiya*.

Thakur KESRI SINGHJI, Thakur of Piploda 1888/1919, born 1872, educated at Daly College, Indore; he succeeded to thegadion 8th November 1888, married (amongst others), Rani Mukan Kanwar, born 1879, elder daughter of Maharaj Fateh Singhji ofRaoti, and had issue. He died 4th November 1919.*.Rawat Mangal Singhji (qv)*.Rani Brij Kanwar, married (as his second wife), 1906, Maharaj Ratan Singhji Sahib ofRaoti, and had issue.*.Thakurani Gulab Kanwar, married (as his second wife), Thakur Rewat Singh ofMundota.*.Kuwar Jai Singhji Dodiya, he holds the village of Pindwasa*.

Rawat MANGAL SINGHJI, Rawat of Piploda 1919/1936, born 7th September 1893 and succeeded on 5th November 1919(2); educated at Mayo College, Ajmer; married 1stly, Rani Bankawatji of Lawan in Jaipur State; she died 1926, married 2ndly, in April 1931, a daughter of Maharaj Prahlad Singh of Runija in Gwalior State, and had issue, two sons. He died 20th July 1936.*.Kunwar Ratan Singh, born 25th April 1913, educated at Daly College, Indore till 1931; married 1927, a Kumari of Rujore, Dist. Etah, U.P., and had issue. He diedvpon 11th July 1935.*.Rawat Raghuraj Singhji (qv)*.Rani Sugan Kanwar, married (as his 1st wife), 1938, Rao Devi Singh, 29th Rao of Pungal. She died in August 1947,*.Kunwar Durga Narayan Singhji, born 7th February 1921, married Thakurani Prabhat Kunwar of Bedia, and has issue.*.Kunwar Ajeet Singh Piploda, married Rajkumar Rani Sumitra Singh Keraal, and has issue.*.Kunwar Tribhuvan Singh*.Kunwar Martand Singh*.Baisa Bhavna Kunwar*.Baisa Gaurie Kunwar*.

Rawat RAGHURAJ SINGHJI, Rawat of Piploda (see above)

OTHER MEMBERS:*.

Kumari (name unknown), married Thakur Kalyan Singh ofHeerwa, and had issue.

Piploda was made the capital by Dodiya clan kshatriya Shardul Singh in 1547. There was a strong fort on the top of a hillock. The fort had a ditch on one side surrounded by Khedra nalah. Goddess Chamunda was Kuladevi of the Dodiya rulers. The Dodiya rulers were well protected due to the fort. They never hesitated to challenge the powerful Rajput rulers of Rajasthan. Maharawat Pratap Singh (1673-1708) of Pratapgarh, Rajasthan defeated Dodiya ruler Rawat Bhawat Singh (1663-1703). On accepting his supremacy Maharawat Pratap Singh returned the statehood to Dodiya rulers. Later Dodiya rulers successively ruled under the reign of Yashwant Rao Holker, Jaora Nawab Gafoor Khan, and British rule.

Founded in 1547 by Rawat Rulers were....

Thakur SADAL SINGHJI [Shardul Singhji], 1st Thakur and founder of Piploda.

1. Sunkheda: A Gauranteed Thikana of Gwalior State with an annual Revenue of over One Lakh Rupees. Sunkhera and Mandawal are Dodia Rajputs and have exchanged an heir to the gaddi in adoptions two or three times.

ABOVE INFORMATION GIVEN BY SHRI DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH DODIYA

MANDAWAL-THIKANA, DIST-UJJAIN (MP)

Photograph of Kesri Singh (1872 -1919), Thakur of Piploda from the 'Wheeler Collection: Portraits of Indian Rulers,' was taken by an unknown photographer in 1903. Stephen Wheeler, the donor of the collection, was presumably related to J. Talboys Wheeler, organiser of the 1877 durbar and author of

'The History of the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi' (London, [1877]).Full-length standing portrait of Kesri Singh, Thakur of Piploda. Piploda, located in Rajasthan, was controlled by the Dodia Rajputs and was founded by Shardul Singh in 1547. Kesri Singh, succeeded as chief of Piploda in 1887.

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SARDARGARH (THIKANA)

http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/s/sardargarh.html

SARDARGARH FORT

A heritage fort on the right bank of the Chandrabhaga, about 31 km. northeast of Udaipur; the thikana (estate) of the Dodia Rajputs from Kathiawar (now Gujarat),descendants of Dhawal, son of Siha Dodia. Their title is 'Thakur'. During the reign of Maharana Lakha (1382–1421), Lakha's mother went on a pilgrimage to Dwarka in Kathiawar. There, members of the Kaba tribe attacked the Mewaris. Rao Siha died, fighting to protect the Mewaris N his son escort them to the safety. In return for this brave act, the Maharana brought Siha's son, Dhawal to Mewar and gave him the jagirs of Ratanganh, Nandrai, and Masuda. During the reign of Maharana Raimal (1473–1509) when Mandu Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din attacked Mewar, Dhawal's great-grandson, Kishan, fought most gallantly. And in Maharana Udai Singh II's reign (1537–1572), Sardargarh Bhim Singh fought against Emperor Akbar at the third sack of Chittor.Genealogy: Dhawal; Sal; Nahar Singh; Kishan Singh; Karan Singh; Bhan; Sanda; Bhim Singh; Gopaldas; Jai Singh; Naval Singh; Indrabhan; Sardar Singh; Samant Singh; Rod Singh; Zorawar Singh; Manohar Singh; Sohan Singh; Laxman Singh; Amar Singh; Man Singh.

QUOTES REGARDING DOD DARBAR OF MEWAR

स्वामी भक्त जे सुगट, जान तीन विक्रम सारे..

कुल डोड निकलंक, आदी ते अन्त निहारे...

धवल, सल्ह, हरू, भाण मे सांडा, भीम समान...

आये षोडस(सोलह) पुस्तन (पीढियाँ) काम, शास्त्र हीत राण..

Sardargarh fort ( 1738 to 1743) was bulit by one of the most powerful dodia ruler, SARDAR SINGH, HE erected in castle in him domain of lawah, in which he built a splendid palaces whose china & mirror halls are still the theme of encomium.

this magnificient fort is an extravegent creation by men of bygone era, placed amidst the mountains and deep forest of chuppun.

you can see the ramparts of history filled sardargarh like, a grerat ship anchored at a outer sea, much before you get close to gigantic walls soaring high above the low lying village lawah. to its north is the enthralling view of manohar sagar, (6 square mile lake). the darbar hall offers a charming vista of the village.

looming over the horizon is the imposing aravalli hill range . the main entrance to the fort is from the east. the gateways to the fort are known azs the pols - suraj pol (sun gate) and chand pol ( moon gate) , each being a massive reinforced marble structure bulit to survive marauding armies.

sardargadh, the castle of lawah is one of the finest in mewar, it is a unique experience that visitors will recount to the coming generation with pride due to the impressive architecture of the fort , sardar singh was appointed to supervise the construction of jag niwas now known as lake place, Udaipur( Mewar).

battles

In 1769, king holkar , returning after plundering nathdwara temple , laid sige to the fort,

in 1778, vlad teps, the king of penvale, wrested sardargarh and possesed it until 1802 after a strtegic battle that lasted for six months, the dodia family re possessed the fort in 1803

BHIM SINGH DODIYA:-

, one of the 1st rank Mewar nobles who took part in Maharana Pratap Singh's war council at Gogunda (1576) prior to the Battle of Haldighati.

मेँवाड़" राव भीमसिँह डोडिया सरदारगढभीमसिंह डोडिया के पुर्वजो का मेवाड से सम्बन्ध कब आया इसके बारे मे कहा जाता हे की महाराणा लाखा की माँ द्वारिका की याञा गई उस समय काठियावाड मे लुटेरो ने घेर लिया तब शार्दुलगढ के राव सिँह डोडिया अपने पुञो कालु व धवल ने राजमाता कि रक्षा कि तब महाराणा लाखा ने डोडिया धवल को बुलाकर और रतनगढ नन्दराय और मसुदा आदि पाँच लाख कि जागीर देकर अपना उमराव बनाया तब से धवल के वंशज सरदारगढ(लावा) ठिकाना के सरदार हैसरदारगढ के डोडिया राजपूतो की लगातार 9 पिढी़यो ने मेवाड़ के युध्दो मे अपने प्राणो की आहुती दी.. और हमेसा महाराणाओ के विश्वास पात्र सामंत बने रहे.. अन्य सामंतो का महाराणाओ से मनमुटाव होता रहा लेकिन डोडिया सामंतो का महाराणाओ से कभी भी मनमुटाव नही हुआ... इस तरह महाराणा जगत सिंह ने सरदारगढ के डोडिया राजपूतो को मेवाड के प्रथम श्रेणी के उमरावो मे स्थान दियाराव भीम सिंह अपनी कुमारावस्था मे ही मेवाड की सेना मे सक्रिय था अपने पुर्वजो की तरह भीम सिँह भी साहसी, पराक्रमी ओर जान पर खेलने वाला योध्दा था किसी भी चुनौती का सामने करने मे उसे आनन्द का अनुभव होता थामहाराणा उदयसिँह के समय हाजी खां के विरुध्द युध्द मे भीमसिँह अग्रिम पंक्ति मे लडने वाले योध्दाओ मेँ से एक था भीमसिँह ने अपनी कौमार्यवस्था मे हाजी खां के हाथी के शरीर मे बरछी आर पार कर दी थी और हाजी खां को घायल कर दियामहाराणा प्रताप के समय जब संधि वार्ता प्रारम्भ हो रही थी तब प्रताप ने मानसिँह को ससम्मान लाने के लिये भीम सिँह को गुजरात भेजा था प्रताप को उसकी वाकपटुता पर विश्वास था,उदय सागर की पाल पर कुँवर अमरसिँह व मानसिह के मध्य वार्ता हो रही थी तब भीमसिह भी वही था, जब मानसिँह ने संधि को स्वीकार न किया ओर मेवाड के प्रति कठोर वचनो का प्रयोग किया तो भीमसिँह ने विनम्र किन्तु उग्र शब्दो मे उतर देते हूये कहा कि "यदि मानसिंह मेवाड से निपटना ही चाहता हे तो उसके साथ दो दो हाथ अवश्य होगे यदि अपने ही बलबुले पर आक्रमण करने आया तो मेवाड मे जहाँ कही उचित अवसर मिलेगा उसका यथोचित स्वागत किया जायेगा, हल्दीघाटी के युध्द मे ऐसा ही हुआ भीमसिह सेना के अग्रभाग(हरावल) मे था भीमसिँह जब युध्द करता हुआ मानसिंह के सामने आया तब भीम ने कहा की उस दिन जो बोल बोले थे वह अवसर आ गया हे तब भीमसिँह ने अपना घोडा शीघ्रता से मानसिँह के हाथी पे चढा दिया ओर अपने भाले से मानसिँह पर वार किया लेकिन भाला होँदे मे लग गया मान बच गया महाराणा कि रक्षा करने मे भीमसिँह डोडिया वीरगति को प्राप्त हुआ भीम ने मानसिँह पर ऐसे प्रहार किये जिसका वर्णन आमेर के साहित्य तथा अकबर के इतिहासकारो ने भी किया इस युध्द मे उसका भाई ओर उसके दो पुञ हम्मीर व गोविन्द भी वीरगति को प्राप्त हुयेँ, जय मेवाड़जय राजपुताना

PREDECESSOR & GENEALOGY TREE:-

Thakur DHAWAL SINGH, 1st Thakur of Lawa, son of Rao Siha fl.1400.

Thakur SAB SINGH, 2nd Thakur of Lawa

Thakur NAHAR SINGH, 3rd Thakur of Lawa

( The Kumbhalgarh Inscription, verse 265,

The Deoras of Sirohi had thrown off the

yoke of the Maharana Kumbha and taken possession

of Abu in A.D. 1458. The Maharana Kumbha

therefore sent au expedition against them,

under Nahar Singh Dodiya, son of Rao Sab Singh ji,

who subjugated them, and, under the orders

of the Maharana, constructed a palace and a

lake at Abu.)

Thakur KISHAN SINGH, 4th Thakur of Lawa fl.1500

( During the reign of Maharana Raimal (1473-1509) when Mandu Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din attacked Mewar, Dhawal's great-grandson, Kishan, fought most gallantly.)

Thakur KARAN SINGH, 5th Thakur of Lawa -/1527, died 17th March 1527 at Battle Of Khanwa.

Thakur BHAN SINGH, 6th Thakur of Lawa 1527/1534, died 1534 at 2nd at 2nd Siege Of Chittor.

Thakur SANDA SINGH, 7th Thakur of Lawa 1534/1567, died 1567 at 3rd Siege Of Chittor.

Thakur BHIM SINGH, 8th Thakur of Lawa 1567/1576, died 18th June 1576 at Haldighati.

Thakur GOPAL DAS, 9th Thakur of Lawa, he was killed in a battle near the temple of Ranapur in the Aravallis

Thakur JAI SINGH, 10th Thakur of Lawa, first of the Saktawat clan (??).

Thakur NAWAL SINGH, 11th Thakur of Lawa against Aurangzeb, Dodiya Naval Singh, along with his sons Muhkam Singh and Krishna Singh died fighting in this battle of Jhadol.

Thakur INDRABHAN SINGH, 12th Thakur of Lawa

Thakur SARDAR SINGH, 13th Thakur of Sardargarh

Thakur SAMANT SINGH, 14th Thakur of Sardargarh

Thakur ROR SINGH, 15th Thakur of Sardargarh

Thakur ZORAWAR SINGH, 16th Thakur of Sardargarh -/1859, married and had issue.

Thakur MANOHAR SINGH, 17th Thakur of Sardargarh 1859/-, born 1830, Member of the Mahand Raj Sabha, married and had issue, two sons (both died young), as well as an adopted son.

Thakur SOHAN SINGH, 18th Thakur of Sardargarh 1903/- , born 1872, married Thakurani Saubhagya Kanwar, daughter of Rawat Ratan Singh of Bohera.

Thakur LAKSHMAN SINGH, 19th Thakur of Sardargarh

Thakur AMAR SINGH, 20th Thakur of Sardargarh

Thakur MAN SINGH, 21st Thakur of Sardargarh, married Rani Chandra Kumari of Danta in Gujarat, and had issue.

DODIYA SARDAR SINGH -

AMET HAVELI - The Present Amet Haveli Was built during the rule of Maharana Jagat Singh Ji –2nd of Udaipur between 1734-1752 A.D. He was the builder of the famous Jag Niwas which is presently known as Lake Palace. All the stone work and raw materials for the construction of Lake Palace were ferried from the open land situated next to present day AMET HAVELI. During that time the Jagirdar of Sadargarh was the head of the construction work for the Mewar state. Under his watchful eyes he constructed the Jag Niwas island palace for the Maharana of Mewar.

After the successful completion of Jag Niwas a lot of stone and raw materials were left at the present day Haveli. So, with the permission and finances of the Maharana, the Jagirdar of Sardargarh constructed the AMET HAVELI. He was the pioneer and artictact of the BADI MAHAL (A Garden palace) which he built in Jag Niwas. The Maharana was so much impressed by this architectural marvel that he ordered him to build the BADI MAHAL at the present AMET HAVELI and his Palace (City palace of Udaipur) also.

The architectural design of BADI MAHAL is basically influenced by the Mughal Gardens of Agra fort and the Red fort at Delhi. After completion the Haveli was used by the successive Maharanas as a pleasure garden for their evenings.

Firstly,it was awarded to Dodiya Sardar Singhji and it was know as Dodiya ki Haveli.

The Haveli was granted to Rawat Pratap Singh Ji of Amet Son of Fateh Singh Ji around 1783 A.D.by Maharana Bheem Singhji of Mewar. Rawat Pratap Singhji of Amet fought bravely and averted an imminent attack by Maratha’s on Mewar. The thikana of Amet is situated 100 kms. in the north east of Udaipur on the river Chandarabhaga. This thikana (noble territory) is of supreme Historic importance in Mewar. The origin of the Amet family can be traced down from Chunda Ji. He was the eldest son “The heir – apparent’’ of Rana Lakha of Chittor, Mewar. He abandoned the throne of Mewar state in favor of his young step brother Mokal Ji. For this great sacrifice he is referred in folklore and history as Bhishma Pitamaha of Mewar. As he kept and fulfilled the promise which he made to his Father. He served the Mewar state unselfishly till his last breath.

DODIYA NAHAR SINGH -

When Rao Sahasmal, The chief of Sirohi belong to the deoras sept of chauhan. Start acting like amitious ruler, extended his kingdom by annexing a part of the neighbouring territory of the Solanki Rajputs. finding Rana Kumbha engaged in punishing rebels, he march with his victorious army to the Mewar and took possesion of a fewborder villages. But the Rana sent an expedition against Rao Sahasmal under Dodiya Nahar Singh, who by force of arms conquered Abu, Basantgarh and Bhula and annexed the easern part of Sirohi territory to Meawar in or about A.D 1457. The Dodiya Nahar Singh later under the orders of Rana Kumbha built the fort of Achalgarh and the temple of Kumbhaswami and a lake and a palace there to celebrate Mewar victory.

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(SAURASHTRA "GUJRAT" REGION )

Jay veer ran sinh ji dada dodiya

The Remainder of the Dodiya / Dodia Remain in Gujarat.

The Dodia / Dodiya in Saurashtra were originally a clan of Chandravanshi Rajputs without any political power and political head would obviously be predisposed to lose their land and its fragmentation with unproductive expenditure must have hastened the process of decline.

VEER SHAHID DILIPSINH DODIYA SHAHID VANDANA KARYKRAM KANPAR DAYRO

VADODARA -

The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains.

The capital had also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors).

Later on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodara, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'.

It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.

During the reign of the Mughal King Akbar (son of Humayun), the Sherani Pathans migrated to Kaligam, near Ahemdabad, Gujarat. At that time, the Nawab of Gujarat sent them to fight the Dodia Rajput near the Rajasthan-Gujarat border. The Sherani Pathan defeated the Dodia Rajput in battle, and took over their land; they were called Shembher (or Summer), since they came from Samarkand.

|~~~~~~~~~Madhya Pradesh Region~~~~~~~~|

Dodiya is a Rajput clan found in Ratlam and Nimach in Madhya Pradesh and Chittorgarh in Rajasthan. It is probably a variant of Dod'a Gotra setteled in Beet tract of Hoshiarpur, Punjab. In Malwa region they are called as Dodiya, Dundi, Dundiyaetc. due to local language variation.

There is also a village called Dodiyana (डोडियाना) in Jaora tahsil in Ratlam district in Madhya Pradesh. Its population is 1,184. It probably gets name after Dodiya rulers.

The large section of "Dodiya/Dodia" Rajput are still holding strong position in Malwa region.They have states (jagir) there like Piploda,Tal,Mandawal,Sukheda, Chapaner,Asawati and many little villages in malwa region.There is 400 villages of dodiyas in Ratlam and 198 villages in shajapur and some villages are in mandsaur and Ujjain.

MANDAWAL FORT- ( THIKANA )

Rawat RAMPRATAP SINGH DODIA, present Rawat of Mandawal and (one third share) of Panth Piploda since June 1943. born 14th July 1940 in Sunkhera.

HISTORY:-

The present Head of the family is the Tikai or Senior Representative of the Chandravanshi Dodia Rajputs, one of the 36 rajput clans. Early historical documents state that the Dodias were based in and around Multan in Sindh (now in Pakistan) during 12th and 13th centuries, when they built a fort near Multan by the name of Rohtashgarh. In the 14th century the Dodia Rajputs migrated to Gujarat and established their kingdom around Girnar (Junagarh) by Raja Phul Singh Dodia, and from there they were ruled by Rawat Soorsinghji, Rawat Chandrabhansinghji, Rawat Krishnaji, Rawat Chalotji and Rawat Arjundasji. From this place, one of the Dodia brothers of the Rawat migrated to Mewar Chittorgarh accompanying the Rajmata of Mewar as an escort. The Dodias proved their valour in various battles in the service of Mewar, including the Battle of Haldighati, and were rewarded with the jagir of Lava (later called Sardargarh). Rawat Singhraoji migrated from Gujarat and established his rule in Sewana Jagir in Malwa. He was followed by Rawat Kalusinghji, Rawat Dulehsinghji, Rawat Pachoji, Rawat Sawganji, Rawat Ramsinghji, Rawat Akhaybhanji and Rawat Puraji, whose elder son, Rawat Jagatsinghji, established Mandawal, Rawat Chatrasalsinghji, established Naveli Jagir, Rawat Sawalsinghji, established Piploda Jagir and Rawat Pharasramji, established Chandrawta Jagir all in Malwa. Rawat Amarsinghji, the elder son of Rawat Jagatsinghji succeeded to Mandawal and the younger son, Pratapsinghji established Sunkhera in Malwa, which was a guaranteed jagir of Gwalior.

PREDECESSOR & GENEALOGY TREE:-

Rawat GAJSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat AJABSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat KIRTISINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat GUMANSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat NATHUSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat BHIMSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat SHIVSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat FATEHSINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal

Rawat KESRISINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal 1861/-, born 1858 (), married and had issue.

Rawat RATAN SINGHJI, Rawat of Mandawal 1916/-, born 6th November 1893, succeeded 2nd November 1916; married a daughter of the Thakur Saheb of Daulatpur Jagir in Bhopal, and had issue. He died June 1943.

Rawat RAMPRATAP SINGH DODIA, Rawat of Mandawal

TAL- ( THIKANA )

A Tal is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ratlam District of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a part of the Alot tehsil. Before Indian independence, Tal was part of the princely state of Jaora, ruled by the Dodia chiefs.

The name of the town is derived from the Malvi word Talav that means pond. The town is popularly believed to be built by reclaiming land from a large pond.The princely state was ruled by the strong Dodia clan which holds the title "Rawat". Before independence the rule was under Rawat Shri Shambhu Singh ji(Tal).Rawat Shri Shambhu Singh ji had five son namely Late Kr Yogendra Singh ,Late Kr Kamal Singh,Late Kr Shiv Raj Singh , Present Kr Vikram Singh and Late Kr Kishor Singh.

RAWAT ONKAR SINGH, Rawat of.

A Ruling Chief.

Born 1853; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1859. Belongs to a

Dodia Rajput (Hindu) family. The State contains a population of about

1600.

Residence. Tal, Central India.

CHAPANER- (THIKANA)

It is one of the princely estate of india, located in ujjain district.

It is famous for their brave RAJPUT ruler Thakur Bheru Singh ji Dodiya and his army.

SUKHEDA FORT ( THIKANA )

Picture Source- Jashwant sinh Dodiya thikana - Kotela, SardarGarh

A Gauranteed Thikana of Gwalior State with an annual Revenue of over One Lakh Rupees. Sunkhera and Mandawal are estates of powerful Dodia Rajputs and have exchanged an heir to the gaddi in adoptions two or three times.

PREDECESSOR & GENEALOGY TREE:-

Rawat Partap Singh Dodiya, 1st Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had issue.

Rawat Nathu Singh Dodiya,

2nd Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had issue.

Rawat Uday Singh Dodiya, 3rd Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had issue.

Rawat Dalpat Singh Dodiya, 4th Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had issue.

Rawat Khuman Singh Dodiya, 5th Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had issue.

Rawat Lakshman Singh Dodiya, 6th Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had issue.

Rawat Nahar Singh Dodiya, 7th Rawat of Sunkhera, married and had no issues.

Rawat Shree Kesri Singhji Dodiya

Rawat Kesar Singh Dodiya, 8th Rawat of Sunkhera, adopted From Naveli Jagir, married and had issue.

Rawat Lal Singh Dodiya, 9th Rawat of Sunkhera married 1st Akola (mewar), 2nd In Thikana Katlar and Third In Tonk (Dewas) and had issue two sons and three daughters.

Kunwar (name unknown), died at an early age.

Baisaraj (name unknown), married in Chouhans of Thikana Bankora (Dungarpur).

Baisaraj (name unknown), married in Rajawat of Thikana Bagli (Dewas).

Baisaraj (name unknown), married in Shekhawat of Thikana Danta (Jaipur).

Rawat Arjun Singh Dodiya,10th Rawat of Sunkhera, adopted From Haveli of Sunkhera, married to a princess of Khijadiya in Dharol estate and had issues, four daughters.

Baisaraj Vilas Kunwar, died at an early age. The Villas temple was constructed in Sunkhera in her memory.

Baisaraj Vijay Kunwar, married to Thakur Prajapal Singh of Thikana kod

Baisaraj Jaswant Kunwar, married to Thakur Dayal Singh Ranawat of Thikana dhamotar (Pratapgarh)

Baisaraj Shanti Kunwar, married to Thakur Rajendra Singh Ranawat of Thikana amla

Rawat Shree Daulat Singhji Dodiya

Rawat Doulat Singh Dodiya, 11th Rawat of Sunkhera educated at Daly College Indore, adopted to Sunkhera and succeeded there as Rawat Daulat Singhji of Sunkhera, he married 1stly to a Princess of Khijadia, a Thikana in Dhrol, married 2ndly to Rani Pramila Devi of Khijadia in Dhrol, and had issues, two sons.

Rawat Ghanshyam Singh

Rawat Rampratap Singh, he was adopted by his grandfather, Rawat Ratan Singhji of Mandawal, and succeeded there as Rawat Rampratap Singh Dodia.

Rawat Ghanshyam Singh Dodiya, 12thRawat of Sunkhera, educated at Daly College Indore and Scindia School Gawalior, married to Naveen Kumari Rathore, daughter of Thakur Ajeet Singh Shivgarh and has issues, one son and three daughters.

Rawat Gajendra Singh

Baisa Bhawna Kunwar, married in Thikana Semlia.

Baisa Seema Kunwar, married in Thikana Sanawad.

Baisa Kavita Kunwar, married in Thikana Ramgarh (Ujjain).

Rawat Gajendra Singh Dodiya, 13th Rawat of Sunkhera,

Baisa Poorvika Singh

Kunwar Chandraveer Singh

PRESENT HEAD

Rawat Gajendra Singh Dodiya, educated from St. Anslem's (Ajmer), married to Rajeshwari Solanki, daughter of Late Th. Vijay Singh Solanki of Roopnagar (Mewar) and has issues, one son and a daughter.

--------------------------------------------------------------

With Regards

G.T.RANA.

🙏JAY SHANKAR KI🙏

31 comments:

UnknownJanuary 28, 2016 at 10:17 PM
Vishain Rajputs are descendants of which dynasty?
UnknownJuly 20, 2016 at 4:26 AM
Please eleborate jalal bisht rajputs
UnknownJuly 20, 2016 at 4:27 AM
They are found in up. Uttrakhand pls tell dynasty
UnknownJanuary 3, 2017 at 7:50 AM
bisht rajputs 90% are from plains of rajasthan and m.p
UnknownFebruary 27, 2018 at 10:51 PM
thanks brthr i want to know about kuldevi or dodiya rajput kuldev ved mukh shreeukh etc. can u help here..?
XyzApril 7, 2018 at 10:20 AM
Many dodiya rajput are present in saurashtra and they are now known as karadiya rajputs
UnknownNovember 4, 2018 at 11:29 AM
जय माँ भवानी
जय जय राजपूताना ।
हुक्म यह जानकारी बिकिपिडिया को देने की कृपा करें जी
डोडिया राजपूत सरदारगढ़December 19, 2018 at 4:58 AM
Hkm 9950555091 jashwant singh dodia rajput thikana kotela sardargarh
G.T RANAJanuary 1, 2019 at 7:31 AM
Jai eklingJi Dodia Darbar Raj Hukum Saa
DjMay 26, 2020 at 9:06 AM
Hello bhaji Mera naam davinder Singh Rana Dod hai district Hoshiarpur State Punjab bhaji sadi kuldevi koun hai
Rana rohit singhSeptember 27, 2020 at 3:05 AM
Bhai g dod rajputs ke fort kon kon se jgah pe hai ?
Rana rohit singhSeptember 27, 2020 at 3:06 AM
Jammu me jo town hai doda woh dod rajputs ke sath linked hai kya?
Ap singhNovember 16, 2022 at 7:26 AM
Good evening
Mr. Rana
I visited ur blog for d first time as m scroll down to know about ' Piploda'.
I just noticed that Royal Coat of Arms (logo) is edited..! (Not d original logo.) Plz upload original logo as I upload d same.
Thank u
jai maata ji ri sa 🙏🏻
AmitJanuary 5, 2024 at 8:38 PM
There were no rajputs castes or anything in ancient times. All these emerged after the Muslim invasions when bhils, Gujjars etc were added to the soldier classes to fight the invading Turks and Mughals.

The Dors and Tomaras ruling here were part of the gana of Yaudheyas. During 5th century BCE to the arrival of Muslims, India was primarily divided into mahajanapad and gan tantra. Gana tantras tended to be small countries where most people were related to each other and were Vedic kingdoms. The king was elected with agreement of previous kings and mantri and public. Baran was one such Yaudheyas gana tantras. As a barnwal, we have ancient inscriptions and documents about it.
Later, people named clans like Tomaras and dora. At any rate, Barnwal families were traditional judges or kanungo under Turks and Mughals, once the fight settled and the invaders actually tried to rule. Before this, they were just interested in looting India.

Biggest problem with India is that we never tried hard enough to convert these people to Hinduism. Just as we absorbed Huns and sakas invaders in 4-6th century and converted them to Hinduism. It was much harder then but it's 100X harder now.
The arrivals of Huns and sakas before Islam and intermarriage with locals led to new myths and legends leading to rajputs. Some of them integrated into other castes as well. Perhaps the unusually fair skinned Meena's could be one example.

At any rate, much more research need to be done to arrived at the truth
Rana rohit singhJuly 25, 2024 at 5:53 PM
Hello can i know about Lord daljit Rana who is he And is he is linked to Garhi mansowal clan

Friday, June 3, 2011

DOD RAJPUT- DOAD/DODA/DODIA/DODIYA

JAI SHANKAR JI

JAI MAA JWALA JI

Historian views regarding Dor/Doda tribe

COLONEL JAMES TOD QUOTE REGARDING DOR OR DODA TRIBE:-

We have little to say of this race, though occupying a place in AU the genealogies,

Time has destroyed all knowlege of the past history of the Doda tribe,

To gain a victory over whom was deemed by prithviraja worthy of a tablet.

🙏JAY SHANKAR KI🙏

31 comments:

nakul rana

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