Tuesday, June 28, 2016

EMPEROR SHALIVAHAN PARMAR - IMMORTAL RAJPUTS

 


पश्चिमी इतिहासकारों की मुर्खता रचा गया झूठा इतिहास परमार वंशीय राजपूत सम्राट शालिवाहन को इतिहास में जानबुझकर शक घोषित किया । परमारवंशी राजा विक्रमादित्य ने ८२ ई.पू. -१९ ई (82 B.C - 19 A.D) तक शासन किया एवं उन के परपौत्र शालिवाहन ७८-१३८ ई. (78 - 138 A.D) को शक से जोड़ कर परमार वंश का नाम उड़ा दिया मुर्ख इतिहासकारों ने शक बना तो दिया परन्तु इतिहास में दर्ज किये ऐतिहासिक अभिलेखों को पढना भूल गये शालिवाहन ने शको की हत्या कर अपने परदादा विक्रमादित्य की तरह "शकारि" कहलाये थे और ये बात उन पश्चिमी इतिहासकारों ने भी मानी हैं,जो ये मानते हैं एवं इतिहास में शालिवाहन को शक वंशीय कहा हैं, उन्होंने यह भी कहा हैं शालिवाहन शक अश्शूरों का नाश करके "शकारि" कहलाये थे (शकारी का अर्थ होता हैं शक को हरानेवाला) यह है पश्चिमी इतिहासकार का लिखा हुआ इतिहास जिन्हें खुद ही नही पता आखिर शालिवाहन थे कौन । अब प्रश्न ये हैं अगर शालिवाहन शक होता तो क्या वो अपने ही वंश का नाश कर देता ???? कई पश्चिमी इतिहासकार सताकरनी एवं सातवाहन को सम्मिलित कर खिचड़ी इतिहास बनाते हुए सम्राट शालिवाहन परमार को शातकर्णी राजा बना दिए थे जब की ईसवी सन ७८ (78) मे परपोत्र सम्राट शालिवाहन ने शको को हराया एवं शालिवाहन शक की सुरूवात की। इन्होने अश्वमेध यज्ञ भी किया ओर पर्शीया तक सभी देशोको जीत लिया | पर आंध्र सातवाहन के राजा मगध के शासक थे जिन्होने ईसा.पुर्व ८३३ से ईसा.पुर्व ३२७ तक शासन किया ओर उनकी राजधानी थी गिरीव्रज । ओर इनका हिमालय से तो सेतु तक (रामेश्वरम) बोलबाला था लिखने को कुछ भी लिख दिए पर तथ्यहीन , प्रमाण के बिना और इसी झूठ को वामपंथियों ने प्रमाण बना लिया अज्ञान , मुंड पश्चिमी इतिहासकारों ने ऐसे इतिहास का निर्माण किया जिन्हें सत्य को स्वीकार ने की हिम्मत नही थी । इतिहास का विरूपण कर भारत के महान राजा विक्रमादित्य एवं शालिवाहन को उपेक्षित कर काल्पनिक घोषित कर दिया,युग निर्माताओं के अस्तित्व पर सवाल खड़े कर दिये।  ये तो असंभव है की पश्चिमी मुर्खविद्वानों ने सम्राट विक्रमादित्य ओर शालीवाहन के विषय में भविष्य-महा-पुराण मे किये गए उल्लेख से अनजान थे । उन्होने जानबुझकर अग्निवंश के उन चार राजवंशो को नजर अंदाज किया जिन्होने ईसा.पुर्व (101 B.C) १०१ ईसा.पुर्व से (1193 A.D) ११९३ ईस्वी तक पुरे १३०० वर्ष शासन किया यानी सम्राट विक्रमादित्य से सम्राट पृथ्वीराज चौहान तक, परमार(पंवार) राजवंश की सुची से सिर्फ भोजराज को इतिहास मे लिया गया ओर इस युग (संवत का आरंभ करनेवाले) कि सुरुवात करने वाले सम्राट विक्रमादित्य ओर सम्राट शालिवाहन को मध्यवर्ती अवधी मे इतिहास के पन्नो हटा दिया गया। यहा तक की सम्राट विक्रमादित्य से पहले वी अग्निवंश के चार राजवंशो ने कलि २७१० (2710) (ईसा.पुर्व ३९२) (392 B.C) से कलि ३००१ (3001) (ईसा.पुर्व १०१) (101 B.C) तक यानी २९१ (291Years) वर्ष शासन किया । ये जानबुझकर कीया गया घपला जरूरी था, सिकंदर को चद्रंगुप्त मौर्य के समाकालीन बनाने के लिए । चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य ओर सिकंदर की समकालिनता अनुरूप हो सके इसलिए प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास का कालक्रम महाभारत युद्ध (ईसा.पुर्व ३१३८) (3138 B.C) से तो गुप्त (चंद्रवशी क्षत्रिय) राजवंश (ईसा.पुर्व ३२७) (327 B.C) कि सुरूवात तक का समय १२०७ साल (1207 Year) से संकुचित कर दिया गया,यानी १३०० (1300) साल मे सिर्फ ९७ (97) साल हमे पढाया जाता है वो भी झुठा । चार अग्निवंश के राजवंशो को इतिहास के पन्नो से गायब कर दिया गया। शामिल कर लिया यह आश्चर्य की बात है कि उन्होंने 'चार राजवंशों के राजाओं की सूची भी नहीं दिया हैं यहां तक कि विक्रमादित्य एवं शालिवाहन दोनों का उल्लेख भी नहीं किया है इसके अलावा इन पश्चिमी मुर्खविद्वानों ने अपने इतिहास में विक्रमादित्य और शालिवाहन को पौराणिक गप्प का दर्जा दिया गया हैं , यह एक दया है कि काले अंग्रेजों ने अपने नमक का कर्ज अदा करते हुए अपने गोरे अंग्रेज़ स्वामी के प्रति वफादारी दिखाई एवं स्वर्णिम इतिहास को कभी सामने नहीं आने दिया। अब वक़्त आगया हैं की इतिहास का पुनर्लेखन किया जाए पुराणों में लिखा गया सच सबके समक्ष प्रस्तुत कर झूठ की पट्टी बांधे लोगो के आँखों से पट्टी उतारकर सत्य की उजालेमयी किरणों को उनतक पहुंचने दिया जाये ।

सम्राट शालिवाहन परमार कौन थे ?
परमार सम्राट विक्रमादित्य के ५९ वर्ष बाद सम्राट शालिवाहन परमार का राज्याभिषेक ७८ (इ.) (78 A.D) हुआ था एवं वे सम्राट विक्रमादित्य परमार के परपौत्र थे । अम्बावती (वर्त्तमान उज्जैन) के राजा सम्राट शालिवाहन परमार ने ७८ ईस्वी (78 A.D) में राजगद्दी पर आसीन हुए युग प्रतिष्ठापक शालिवाहन : राजधानी-धार सेलरा मोलेरा पहाडीयों पर एवं भारतवर्ष के सम्पूर्ण भूमंडल पर अपना आधिपत्य स्थापित किया हिमालय से लेकर कन्याकुमारी तक अपने परदादा सम्राट विक्रमादित्य जैसे शूरवीर द्वितीय विश्व विजयेता शालिवाहन परमार बने।
(The Panwar dynasty in which Vikramaditya and Salivahana were born in the most important of the four Agnivamsis. Vikramaditya and Salivahana conquered the whole bharat from Himalayas to Cape Comorin, became emperors and established their eras. Salivahana performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice. Prof. Dr.Radha Krishnan)

सम्राट शालिवाहन परमार ने राजगद्दी पर आसीन होते ही कलि वर्ष ३१७९ (3179 of the Kali era ) अर्थात ७८ ईस्वी (78A.D) विशाल सेना के साथ अश्शूरों पर आक्रमण कर आर्यावर्त के टुकड़े कर बनाये गये अवैदिक, मलेच्छास्थान को ध्वस्त कर आर्यावर्त को मलेच्छ मुक्त करके शुद्ध करने के लिए शक, चीन, तार्तर ( तार्तर अश्शूरों का वृहत्तम भूभाग राज्य था जहा शक अश्शूरों का कब्ज़ा था इस भूभाग का टुकड़े होकर वर्त्तमान में कई देश बने रूस, उज़्बेकिस्तान, युक्रेन, क़ज़ाख़स्तान यूरेशिया , तुर्क, तुर्कमेनिस्तान ,किर्ग़िज़स्तान, बुल्गारिया, रोमानिया, इत्यादि अन्य १८ (18) देश मिलाकर तार्तर राज्य बना था), रोम, खोरासन, बाह्लीक इन सब देश एवं राज्य पर आक्रमण कर दिया ९२ (92) करोड़ से अधिक शक एवं अश्शूरों का संहार किया एवं अश्शूरों शको को ना केवल दण्डित कर सम्पूर्ण आर्यावर्त से खदेड़ा अश्शूरों द्वारा लुटे गये प्रजा धन भी वापस लाये एवं खण्डित किये गये आर्यावर्त को फिर से अखंड किया राज्य की सीमाओं पर करोड़ो सैन्यबल से घेड़ा गया जिससे मलेच्छ आर्यावर्त की सीमा लांघ कर आक्रमण ना कर पायें । (Reference-: Bhavishya Mahapurana 3-3-2-17,21 verses.)
दिग्विजय के पश्चात सम्राट शालिवाहन परमार ने भी सम्पूर्ण प्रजा का ऋण मुक्त कर के उन्होंने कलियुग में सतयुग की स्थापना की विक्रम संवत के बाद शालिवंहन संवत का आरंभ होगा ।

परमार राजवंश की सूचि देखते हैं परमार राजाओ के शासनकाल सहित ।
Name Of The Kings Regnals B.C.E Years

1) परमार 392-386 ईस्वी पूर्व

2) महामारा 386-383 ईस्वी पूर्व

3). देवापी 383-380 ईस्वी पूर्व

4). देवदत्ता 380-377 ईस्वी पूर्व

5). DEFEATED BY SAKAS. LEFT UJJAIN AND HAD GONE TO SRISAILAM. INEFFICIENT AND NAMELESS KINGS. THEIR NAMES ARE NOT MENTIONED IN THE PURANAS 195 377-182 ईस्वी पूर्व

6). गंधर्वसेन (1ST TIME) ने शको को पराजित कर अम्बावती (उज्जैन) को मुक्त करवाया एवं ५० वर्ष तक शासन किया; 182-132 ईस्वी पूर्व

7). सम्राट गंधर्वसेन अपने ज्येष्ठ पुत्र शंखराज को राजपाठ सौंप कर सन्यास लेकर तप करने चले गये थे शंखराज ने ३० (30) वर्ष तक शासन किया १३२-१०२ (132-102 B.C) ईस्वी पूर्व तक शंखराज की अकाल मृत्यु होने के पश्चात महाराज गंधर्वसेन को राज्य की सुरक्षा के लिए तप छोड़कर फिरसे राजपाठ संभालना पड़ा १०२-८२ (102-82 B.C) ईस्वी पूर्व तक शासन किये गंधर्वसेन परमार ने अपने पुत्र विक्रमादित्य को ८२ (82 B.C) ईस्वीपूर्व में राजपाठ सौंपकर सन्यास ले लिए एवं तपस्या करने चले गये ।

8). सम्राट विक्रमादित्य ने १०० (100) वर्ष तक शासन किये थे सम्पूर्ण विश्व पर; ८२ (82) ईस्वी पूर्व से लेकर १९ (19) ईस्वी तक

9). देवभक्त १९-२९ ईस्वी मात्र १० वर्ष तक शासन किये थे

10) NAMELESS KING OR KINGS (NAME NOTGIVEN IN THE PURANAS) 49 29-78

11). सालिवाहन 60 वर्ष तक शासन किये थे ७८-१३८ (78-138 B.C) ईस्वी तक ।

12-20). सलीहोत्र, सालिवर्धन, सुहोत्र, हावीहोत्र, इन्द्रपाल, मलायावन, सम्भुदत्ता, भौमाराज,वत्सराज इन सभी राजाओ ने कुल मिलाकर ५० (50) वर्ष १३८-६३८ ईस्वी (138-638 A.D) तक शासन किये थे ।


21). भोजराज ५६ (56) वर्ष तक शासन किये थे ६३८-६९३-९४ (638-693-94) ईस्वी ।

22-28). सम्भुदत्ता, बिन्दुपल, राजापाल माहिनारा, सोमवर्मा, कामवर्मा, भूमिपाल अथवा (वीरसिंह) ३००(300) वर्ष तक शासन किये थे ६९३-९९३-९४ (693-993-94) तक ।

29-30).रंगापाल,कल्पसिंह २०० (200) वर्ष तक शासन किये थे ९९३-११९३-९४ (993-1193-94) ईस्वी तक ।

31) गंगासिंह (King Ganga Simha reigned from 1113 to 1193 A.D. In the battle of Kurukshetra, the 90 year-aged Ganga Simha died on the field along with Prithviraja etc. (see Agni Kings Bhavishya Puranam) परमार राजवंश का अंतिम राजा थे गंगा सिंह परमार थे। 

"" Shalivahana Parmar "" was one of the Parmar dynastic rulers of India. Shalivahana was a great grandson of the famous Chakravarti emperor and Vikramaditya Parmar. Following his ancestors, Shalivahana also slaughtered the Shakas. For this reason, Shalivahana is called "Shakari". The term Shakari for Shalivahana has also been mentioned by Western historians. The word Shakari literally means one who defeats or defeats Shakas. Shalivahana Parmar killed and killed the Shakas, so he is addressed by giving him the title of Shakari. Many historians call Shalivahana as Shakari. Shalivahana was not Shaka, , as Shalivahana destroyed the Shakas. 


According to Veecharit, Shalivahana Parmar Chakravarti was the great-grandson of Emperor Vikramaditya Parmar & emperor of Ujjain. The venerated poem written by the poet Anantakait Veer Ras gives mythological description of Shalivahana Parmar as rival to Vikramaditya, the ruler of Ujjain. It compares Vikramaditya and Shalivahana Parmar to each other at the time, on the situation. 

This poem is composed on mythological verses.

Shakti Shalivahana Parmar ka Samvat is known today as Shaka Samvat. Shalivahana Samvat is considered to be the historical period (Shalivahana era) of Shalivahana Parmar. The reign of Shalivahana Parmar begins around AD 78. According to the plates (1251CE) found in the Tasagavas of the Yadav king, the reign of Shalivahana is also confirmed. In 78, Shalivahana started the Shalaivahana Saka by defeating the Shakas. He performed the famous Yagya "Ashwamedha" ritual, and subdued all the nations till Persia. 


The coronation of Emperor Shalivahana Parmar took place in 78 AD, after 59 years of Emperor Vikramaditya Parmar. Ambavati i.e. Chakravarti Shalivahana, the then reigning regime of present day Ujjain, established his dominion over the entire landmass of India over the Dhar (capital) and Selra-Molra hills in the reign of the throne in 78 AD. From the Hindu Himalayas to the south coast of Kanyakumari, like Vikramaditya, he became a great warrior and achieved the distinction of being a world victor. As soon as Chakravarti Shalivahana ascended the throne, in the year 3179, a large army of Shalivahans fought millions of Assyrians and defeated Aryavarta from the Khanda Khanda. 

To liberate Aryavarta from Mlechhas, Shalivahana launched a war campaign, invaded Shaka, China, Tartar, Rome, Khorasan, Bahlik and all these states and nations and massacred more than 92 crores of Shakas and Assyrians. Freed them and drove them away. Punished them appropriately, made the people of their state debt-free and brought back the meaning of apraja. Built a huge empire including Akhand Bharat. Secured the state borders with crores of soldiers and built strict security so that any foreign invaders (mlechha, shaka) attack could not succeed. After the duality, Emperor Shalivahana Parmar also worked like the establishment of the Satyuga in Kaliyuga by borrowing the people of the entire kingdom. The Shalivahana Samvat started after the Vikram Samvat of the Vikram era, which is called Shalivahana Samvat.


Indian culture was based on the uncorrelated relations of Brahmin-Kshatriyas according to their caricature system. 


This was noted by the famous historian Wh. a. Smith has also considered. WH a. The article written by Smith means that the Kshatriyas incarnated two incarnations - 

"Emperor Vikramaditya Parmar and Emperor Shalivahana Parmar, whose valor was unmatched to protect Indian civilization from the invaders."


The war


The first war campaign of Shalivahana Parmar: There is evidence of the first war campaign of Shalivahana Parmar in the year 4 CE. Jahang Han was originally the emperor of China and the ruler of the Hong dynasty. Whose territory was dominated by the Tartar Territory (Tartar was the largest state of the Chinese Assyrians, where the Chinese Assyrians occupied it; this territory was broken up into several countries at present Russia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Eurasia, Turk, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, etc.) The Tartar state was formed by joining the other 18 countries). They were very cruel. Ukraine's script from pre-history Ukraine-Russia is described in Dimnik Martin Krita about how cruel their attacks were. 

The emperor of this dynasty defeated the ruler of Ukraine, Elakh, and destroyed his dynasty. Throwing the pregnant wife of King Elakh in a pond filled with crocodiles. 4 lakh people of Ukraine were killed. Due to failure to repay the loan, he was punished with cruelty and massacred the people. King Jahang Haig of this dynasty had tried to keep the Malachta move on Arakanayoma, the then border line of China and India, by which Shalivahana Parmar defeated Jahang Han. Jahang Hangh died. The entire territory of Tartar became independent from the hands of the battlefield and the cruel dynasty of China. From China to Tartar, Emperor Shalivahana Parmar waved the saffron flag.

The lost state of Rome regained its lost identity during the time of Emperor Shalivahana Parmar. Shalivahana Parmar was saddened by the condition of the subjects of the state of Rome. In the state of Rome, the Hun used to kill innocent humans in the name of gladiators festival. They used to disturb the modesty of women. There was a tidal storm on the lands of rome , a state of chaos ensued. In such a state of affairs, Aryavarta's Emperor Shalivahana Parmar invaded Rome with 14.3 million troops, 81 AD (81A.D). There was a war with the barbaric Hun tribes. The military strength of the Huns was 28.88 million. 


Emperor Shalivahana Parmar defeated the Huns and did not chase them, but inflicted death. The evil king Emperor Bhalibhanti knew what it meant to give life to the Assyrians. Therefore, they completely destroyed the Huns who ruled from German to Rome. From Rome to Germania (now German), the Indian culture and developed national hospitals, schools, roads, city building, etc. were demolished by the barbaric Hun tribes.

"From Rome to Germania (present-day German) the dark clouds of tyranny were removed and a new age began in the hands of the Indian Rajput emperor."

This reign of Shalivahana is also known as Shalivahana era. 


Bharatiya Eras, The kings of Agni Vamsa, by Kota Venkatachalam Chapter 12)


Titus was the king of Greek-Rome. Titus invaded Trivishtap. In the year 70 (AD), this ruler of Greek-Rome attacked 300 cavalry with 60,000 foot soldiers. 

Where do the Greek-Romans go to Gurund in the Indian Puranas? 

On Trivishtap, Emperor Shalivahana was ready with an army of only 12000. With the declaration of war called Jai Mahakal, the invasion of Parmar army came to an attack on the Rome invaders. From 70 (AD) onwards, the invaders of Rome invaded India continuously, but could never control Aryavarta.


After being defeated by Shalivahana, 52% of the Roman Empire was incorporated into the Hindu kingdom by Shalivahana. This war is historically described in Cassius Dio, Roman History LXV.15.


Emperor Shalivahana Parmar fought his important battle against Domitian in 82 AD. 


In this war, Shamivahana Parmar defeated Domitian. Who was the king of Rome and Franco (present-day France). Who extended his empire as far as Spain. 

This war was described by Heinrich Friedrich Theodor in his book "A history of German" and written by Previte Orton "The Shorter Medieval History" vol: 1 page- 151 and Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of vespasiun 9

There were a total of three wars with Emperor Shalivahana Parmar you will find in Vespasian 9. 

In the first two wars, due to the invasion of India, Shalivahana had to returned after defeating them. 

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The Lives of Twelve of caesars life of Vespasiun 9. 

In the Third War, Shalivahana invaded Franco, defeating Domitian and captured East Francaia (the present-day German) and Spain. Domitian attacked the Shalivahana-ruled state of Parangan. These states are presently present near Mansarovar in the Indo-China frontier region. But the mention of this historic war was declared by foreign historians as "war of blood" because this terrible war must have never happened again in history. The Domitian, who attacked with more than 1 lakh army, returned to Rome with only 1200 soldiers. After this, Shalivahana invaded Spain with only 65,000 troops. Domitian, the king of Spain, did not dare to wage war and made a compromise. Half of Spain's kingdom and eastern Francia also waved their saffron flag. In this way Shalivahana conquered Spain. Trajan was the Czar (king) of Mesopotamia and Armenia. Who attacked Bharatvarsha in the year 117 (AD). The Swedish and Scandinavian Journal states that the Shalivahana-ruled state "Videha", which is part of the capital of Nepal, "Janakpur", invaded there. The Tsar had to see defeat. Shalivahan had a team of 4 commanders, skilled in strategy, mastering in armaments, and masterminds in creating battle scenes. Shalivahana, along with commander Ahavan Parmar, defeated Zar Trajan with an army of 15,000. 

On the Scandinavian, Shalivahana founded the Sanatan Vedic raj and fought the war with the Tsar, the Meru war which was fought in Mesopotamia, in which Shalivahana won 3 quarters of Mesopotamia's kingdom. The Parmar kingdom of Shalivahana was invaded by Hadrian, ruler of Persia in AD 125. His goal was to plunder the invaluable wealth of India and capture Parmar Shalivahana as a slave and gain his suzerainty over Aryavarta. King Hadrian of Persia had an eye on the wealth of India. Emperor Shalivahana Parmar was informed by the detective Shiv Singh that Hadrian had left with his army. Hadrian invaded Singhaldwip (pugal). Thirty to forty thousand foot soldiers were armed with 6, 000 cavalry and eleven to twelve thousand armed archers.

Shalivahana Parmar used the falcon array. Emperor Shalivahana created 21 new battle arrays. Due to which the enemy could be destroy the enemy party in a quick glance.Therefore, Emperor Shalivahan's cavalry of seven to nine thousand and the world's best archers had killed Hadrian. 



BAPPA RAWAL, THE GLORIOUS GREAT SON OF INDIA - IMMORTAL RAJPUTS


असुर भगाया अरबिया, बण बप्पा बिकराल । 
चहुंदिस राज चमकियो, भारत माता भाल ।। 
(कॉपीराइट दीपसिंह भाटी, सर्वाधिकार सुरक्षित) 

▶राजस्थानी अनुवाद - मेवाड़ रै संस्थापक वीर बप्पा रावल (कालभोज) विकराळ रूप धर अरबी राक्षसां नै मार भगाया जिणसूं भारत माता रै मस्तक माथै च्यारूंकूंट सांवठौ सनातन सैंस्कृति रो शासन भळकण लाग्यो। 

▶हिंदी अनुवाद - मेवाड़ के संस्थापक वीर बप्पा रावल (कालभोज) ने विकराल रूप धारण कर अरबी राक्षसों (दुश्मनों) को मार भगाया, जिस से भारत माता के मस्तिष्क; भारत भूमि पर सर्वत्र सनातन संस्कृति का शासन उद्दीप्त होने लगा । 

▶English Translation - Gallant Bappa Rawal (The Kalabhoj), the founder of Mewar, in a vast and horrible form, killed the Arabic demons (enemies), which led to the rise of the rule of Sanatan (eternal, traditional) culture everywhere on the forehead; land of Mother India.

हिंदू कुल सूर्यवंश के रूप में विश्वविख्यात मेवाड़ के गुहिलोत राजवंश का इतिहास भगवान श्रीराम के पुत्र लव के वंशजो से सम्बन्धित है इस क्षत्रिय राजपूत वंश को गुहिल, गहलोत, गोहिल्य गोहिल भी कहा गया है।

मेवाड़ प्रदेश पर सबसे लम्बे समय तक शासन करने वाला एकमात्र यही राजवंश है जो अपनी गौरवशाली परम्पराओं के कारण हिंदुआ सूरज के नाम से विख्यात है।

महाकवि रणछोड़भट्ट कृत शिलोत्कीर्ण राजप्रशस्ति के अनुसार महाराज सुमित्र के पश्चात् वज्रनाथ, महारथी, अतिरथी, अचलसेन, कनकसेन, महासेन, अंगसेन, विजयसेन, अजयसेन, अभंगसेन, मद्रसेन एवं सिंहरथ नामक इक्ष्वाकुवंश के १२ राजाओं ने अयोध्या पर शासन किया महाराज सिंहरथ के पुत्र महाराज विजयादित्य ने अयोध्या का परित्याग किया और दक्षिणापथगामी होकर वहां के राजाओं को युद्ध मे पराजित किया।

महाराज विजयादित्य ने ई. पू. १३३४ के आसपास अयोध्या के स्थान पर दक्षिण भारत के किसी स्थान को अपना शासन केन्द्र बना लिया था।

इतिहासकार विपिनशाह के अनुसार महाराज सुमित्र के पुत्र महाराज वज्रनाभ मैत्रक की कई पीढ़ियो बाद महाराज कनकसेन हुए जिन्होंने लवकोट (लाहौर) को अपना केन्द्र बनाया।

महाराज कनकसेन की १२वीं पीढ़ी में महाराज वज्रनाभ द्वितीय एवं १५वीं पीढ़ी में महाराज विजयसेन भट्टार्क हुए महाराज विजयसेन भट्टार्क ने वल्लभीपुर के मैत्रक राजवंश की स्थापना की।

वल्लभीपुर के मैत्रक राजवंश के संस्थापक भट्टार्क विजयसेन (४७०-४९२ ई.) के पश्चात् क्रमशः महाराज धरसेन (४९३-४९९ ई.), महाराज द्रोणसेन 

(५००-५२० ई.), महाराज ध्रुवसेन 

(५२०-५५० ई.), महाराज धरपट्टसेन 

(५५०-५५६ ई.) एवं महाराज ग्रहसेन 

(५५६-५६९ ई.) वल्लभीपुर के राजसिंहासन पर आरूढ़ हुए।

महाराज ग्रहसेन के समय के कई ताम्रपत्र मिले है जिनमें उनके सुशासन का उल्लेख हुआ है एक ताम्रपत्र में महाराजा ग्रहसेन को कामदेव जैसा रूपवान हिमालय जैसा धैर्यवान समुद्र की तरह गम्भीर बृहस्पति की तरह ज्ञानवान कुबेर जैसा धनवान और महान बताया गया है ये विद्वानों के आश्रयदाता थे।

महाराज ग्रहसेन का प्रथम विवाह चन्द्रावती के परमार नरेश की पुत्री पुष्पावती से और द्वितीय विवाह ईरान के सम्राट नोशेरवां की पुत्री से हुआ था कालान्तर में किसी कारण से ईरान के सम्राट नौशेरवां ने वल्लभीपुर पर आक्रमण कर दिया।

युद्ध में वल्लभीपुर नरेश महाराज ग्रहसेन वीरगति को प्राप्त हुए उस समय महारानी पुष्पावती अपने पिता के राज्य चन्द्रावती में थी वह युद्ध की बात सुनकर वल्लभीपुर के ओर निकल पड़ी मार्ग में युद्ध की समाप्ति और जोहर की बात सुनकर महारानी पुष्पावती सती होने को तैयार हुई किंतु गर्भवती होने के कारण ब्राह्मणों ने उन्हें सती होने से रोक दिया।

मलिया नामक शैल माता की गुफा में उन्होंने पुत्र को जन्म दिया इसके बाद रानी पुष्पावती ने वीरनगर गांव की कमलावती ब्राह्मणी को अपने पुत्र के लालन-पालन का दायित्व सौंपकर सती हो गई।

इसके बाद कमलावती ने रानी के पुत्र अपने पुत्र की भांति पालण-पोषण किया।

कालान्तर में वही पुत्र 'गुहिल' अथवा गुहादित्य के नाम से प्रसिद्ध हुआ, जिनके वंशज गोहिल, गहलोत (गुहिलोत) राजपूत कहलाये।

गुहादित्य में क्षत्रियोचित गुण होने से वह भीलों का सरदार बन गया तथा भील राजा माण्डलिक ने ईडर का राज्य गुहादित्य को सौंप दिया इसके बाद गुहादित्य की ८वीं पीढ़ी तक ईडर राज्य पर गुहिलों का शासन रहा।

इस गुहादित्य ने ५६६ ई. के लगभग मेवाड़ के पश्चिमी पहाड़ी क्षेत्र में आकर अपना राज्य स्थापित किया।

राजा गुहादित्य के बाद राजा भोजादित्य, राजा महेन्द्र प्रथम, राजा नागादित्य (राजा नागादित्य ने अपने नाम से नागदा पाटण बसाई), राजा शिलादित्य, राजा अपराजित, राजा महेन्द्र द्वितीय (रूपरावल) आदि शासक बने।

हिंदू सम्राट महाराजा कालभोज (बप्पा रावल)

महाराजा कालभोज का जन्म गुहिल वंश में वि.सं. ७७० में नागदा में पुष्पादेवी के गर्भ से हुआ कालभोज का लालन-पालन एक ब्राह्माण परिवार ने किया।

वैद्यनाथ प्रशस्ति के अनुसार बप्पा का मूल नाम कालभोज था तथा बप्पा इसकी उपाधि थी प्रजा ने महाराजा कालभोज के प्रजासंरक्षण देशरक्षण आदि कामों से प्रभावित होकर ही इन्हें बप्पा पदवी से विभूषित किया था।

कालभोज नागदा की पहाड़ियों में एक तपस्वी योगी हारित ऋषि की नियमित सेवा करने लगे हारित ऋषि ने कालभोज की सेवा से प्रसन्न होकर शैवमंत्र की दीक्षा दी तथा एकलिंगजी के दीवान की उपाधि दी कालभोज की निःस्वार्थ भक्ति और प्रगाढ़ शिव पूजन देखकर भवानी भगवती ने प्रकट होकर दिव्यास्त्र देते हुए आशीर्वाद दिया।


बप्पा रावल को नाहरमगरा की तलहटी में स्वयं गुरू गोरखनाथ ने दर्शन दिये हारित ऋषि के आशीर्वाद से श्री गोरखनाथ जी ने बप्पा रावल को दुधारी वाली तलवार भेंट की तथा इनको रावल की पदवी देकर सम्मान बढ़ाया तभी से मेवाड़ के शासक अपने नाम से पूर्व 'रावल' की पदवी लगाते है।

इस दुधारी तलवार में यह गुण था कि मंत्र पढ़कर चलाने से चट्टान के भी टुकड़े हो जाते इस चमत्कारी तलवार को अलाउद्दीन खिलजी ने चित्तौड़ पर आक्रमण करके प्राप्त की और दिल्ली ले गया था जिसे बाद में भीमसिंह चौहान ने प्राप्त की और तत्पश्चात भीमसिंह चौहान से राणा हम्मीर ने पुनः प्राप्त की।

पृष्ट -२५१ वीर विनोद प्रथम संस्करण कविराज श्यामलदास द्वारा


बप्पा रावल के समय चित्तौड़ पर मोर्य वंश के राजा मान मोरी का शासन था हारित ऋषि के आशीर्वाद से ७३४ ई. में बप्पा रावल ने राजा मानमोरी को पराजित कर चित्तौड़ पर अधिकार किया।

बप्पा रावल ने हिंदूसूर्य, राजगुरू और चकवेसार्वभौम की पदवी धारण की।

(बप्पा रावल ने हज्जात की सेना को उनके राज्य तक खदेड़ा)

हज्जात ने सन् ७३५ ई. में राजपूताने पर आक्रमण करने के लिए सेना भेजी बप्पा रावल ने हज्जात की सेना को युद्व में परास्त कर उनके राज्य तक खदेड़ दिया।

(अरब आक्रमणकारियों से ७३८ ई. में युद्ध)

अरब इस्लामियों का सन् ६३२ ई. के पश्चात् अत्यंत प्रेरणादायी रूप से साम्राज्यिक उत्थान हुआ उन्होंने एक सौ वर्ष के भीतर ही अपने साम्राज्य को पश्चिम में स्पेन से पूर्व में चीन तक विस्तारित किया।

इस दौरान अरब इस्लामिक जिस भी प्रदेश को विजय कर लेते वहां के लोगो के पास केवल दो ही विकल्प रखते –वे सभी उनका धर्म स्वीकार कर ले या मौत के घाट उतरे ।

उन्होंने कई महान संस्कृतियों, सभ्यताएं, शिष्टाचारो को रौंध डाला, अनेको मंदिर, चर्च, पाठशालाएं, ग्रंथालय नष्ट कर डाले कला और संस्कृतियों को जला डाला सम्पूर्ण विश्व में हाहाकार मचा रखा था इस तरह उस समय अरबों का रक्तरंजीत साम्राज्य विस्तार सम्पूर्ण विश्व के लिए एक भयावह घटना थी।

ग्रीस, इजिप्त, स्पेन, अफ्रीका, इरान आदि महासत्ताओ को कुचलने के बाद अरबो के खुनी पंजे हिंदुस्तान की भूमि तरफ बढे अरबों ने सम्पूर्ण हिंदुस्तान को जीतकर वहां की संस्कृति को नष्ट भ्रष्ट करने हेतु महत्वाकांक्षी खलीफा ने ई. सं. ७३८ में बगदाद के खलीफा वलीद ने जब सेनापति जुनैद के नेतृत्व में भारत पर आक्रमण करवाया तो बप्पा रावल के नेतृत्व में भारत के समस्त राजाओं ने जुनैद का सामना किया जिसमें प्रतिहार राजपूत नागभट्ट प्रथम भी थे।

इस युद्ध में बप्पा रावल ने अरबों को अरब तक रौंदते हुए विजय प्राप्त की और काबुल-ईरान तक (तत्कालीन ईरान की सीमा तुर्क तक थी ) अपने साम्राज्य का विस्तार किया।

इस विजय के उपलक्ष में बप्पा रावल ने अपने इष्ट स्वयम्भू महादेव एकलिङ्गनाथ जी का भव्य मन्दिर का निर्माण करवाया बप्पा रावल ने एकलिंग नाथ जी को चित्तौड़ का स्वामी और स्वयं को उनका सेवक और दीवान घोषित किया।

यह वंश परम्परा से नियम बना रहा एकलिंग नाथ जी को मेवाड़ के महाराणा मानने और स्वयं को उनका दीवान मानने में गौरव समझते थे धन्य है मेवाड़ राजवंश भगवान शिव के प्रति इतनी भक्ति किसी राजवंश में नहीं दिखती।

बप्पा रावल ने गजनी के शासक सलीम को युद्व में परास्त कर गजनी प्रदेश में अपना सैन्य ठिकाना स्थापित किया जहां से उनके सैनिक अरब सेना की गतिविधियों पर नजर रखते थे।

सन् ७४२ ई. में सामर्रा के हिशाम मलिक ने अपने सेनापति मसलमा के नेतृत्व में लाखो की फौज को सिंध पर आक्रमण करने के लिए भेजा इस युद्ध को इतिहास में बाटल ऑफ द् पास कहा गया यह युद्ध बप्पा रावल तथा २००,६२५ जेहादी आक्रमणकारियों के मध्य लड़ा गया था बप्पा रावल ने युद्ध में इन सभी को तलवार से गाजर-मूली की तरह काटते-काटते अरब की सीमा रेखा तक खदेड़ दिया।

सामर्रा के हिशाममलिक को जब यह सूचना मिलती है कि भारतवर्ष के सम्राट बप्पा रावल सेनापति मसलमा को पराजित कर सामर्रा तक रौंद दिया हैं तो वह बप्पा रावल के सामने जाकर आत्मसमर्पण कर देता है भारतवर्ष के सम्राट बप्पा रावल ने सामर्रा पर भगवा ध्वजा लहराकर इसे अपने साम्राज्य में सम्मिलित कर लिया।

महाराजा कालभोज (बप्पा रावल) ने सन् ७४८ ई में अब्बासी वंश मुहम्मद इब्न मरवान द्वितीय (आर्मेनिया के सुल्तान) एवं उमय्यद वंश के हज्जाज (खुरासान के सुल्तान) पर आक्रमण करने के लिए चढ़ाई करी इन दोनों क्रूर शासकों ने स्पेन पर आक्रमण कर यूरोप की नारियों को गुलाम बना कर रखा था

महाराजा कालभोज इन दोनों पर काल बनकर टूट पड़े।

महाराजा कालभोज ने आर्मेनिया के सुल्तान मुहम्मद इब्न मरवान द्वितीय को मौत के घाट उतार दिया एवं खुरासान के सुल्तान को खुरासान से आगे तक खदेड़ दिया ।

इस तरह अनेक युद्ध अभियानों के द्वारा बप्पा रावल ने अपने शासनकाल में हिंदुस्तान को इस्लामिक आक्रमकारियों से मुक्त करवा कर अनेक प्रदेशों सिंध, बलोचिस्तान, ईरान, इराक, तुर्किस्तान, चित्राल का दुर्गम प्रदेश, मध्य एशिया, चीनी तुर्कीस्तान तक विजय प्राप्त कर अपना साम्राज्य का विस्तार किया।

मुस्लिम इतिहासकारों ने अरबों की पराजय का वर्णन फुतूहूल्बल्दान नामक ग्रन्थ में किया है जिसमें अरब लिखते है कि हिंदुओं ने अरबी मुसलमानों के लिए अल्पमात्र की भूमि भी नहीं छोड़ी इसलिए उन्हें भागकर दरिया के उस पार एक महफूज नगर बसाना पड़ा।

बार-बार भारत में अपनी सेना की हानि होने की वजह से अपनी बची हुई प्रतिष्ठा को पुनः प्राप्त करने के लिए अरबों ने यह निश्चय कर लिया कि भारत के किसी भी हिस्से पर वे कभी भी आक्रमण नहीं करेंगे इसलिए इसके बाद अरबों ने ३५० वर्षो तक भारत के किसी भी हिस्से पर धाक नहीं जमायी।

कालान्तर में शान्ति व्यवस्था होने पर बप्पा रावल ने साम्राज्य का शासन अपने ज्येष्ठ पुत्र खुमाण रावल को सौंपकर तथा साम्राज्य में प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था को मजबूती प्रदान करने के लिए अन्य छः पुत्रों को प्रशासनिक अधिकारी नियुक्त कर ७५३ ई. में संन्यास ले लिया आम्र कवि द्वारा लिखित एकलिंग प्रशस्ति में बप्पा रावल के संन्यास लेने की घटना की पुष्टि होती है।

मेवाड़ के वास्तविक संस्थापक, हिन्द के महानतम शासकों में से एक, शौर्य व पराक्रम का पर्याय बप्पा रावल जी के सम्मान में निर्मित पैनोरमा (उदयपुर स्थित कैलाशपुरी के एकलिंगजी मंदिर के निकट)

बप्पा रावल के पुत्रों व इनके वंशजो का विवरण इस प्रकार है–

खुमाण रावल

बप्पा रावल का ज्येष्ठ पुत्र खुमाण रावल प्रथम था जो मेवाड़ राज्य के उत्तराधिकारी हुए रावल खुमान ने राजपूत राजाओं व अन्य सांमतो को एकजुट करके मेवाड़ का शासन कार्य चलाया।

मन्ना रावल

खुमाण रावल के छोटे भाई मन्ना रावल के बलाण रावल (बिल्हण) हुए जिनके रायपालजी व मेहसी हुए जो चित्तौड़गढ़ छोड़कर कुछ समय नागदा पाटन में रहे इन्होंने वि.स. ८६० में गांव घाटा बसाया जो कुम्भलगढ़ के पास में है।

रायपालजी के पुत्र बरपालजी के वंशज बरगट गुहिलोत कहलाते है बरपालजी के वंश में क्रमशः हरपाल जी तरपाल जी हुए तरपाल जी ने दिवेर के समीप तरपालों का खेड़ा बसाया।

तरपालजी के पुत्रों में कानाजी, रेहड़जी, भलियाजी थे

तरपालजी के पुत्र भलियाजी के वंशज "भलियावत गुहिलोत" व कानाजी के वंशज "कनड़ावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये रेहड़जी के नाड़ियाजी के वंशज "नाड़ियावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये।

बरपालजी के भाई सोमेश्वर थे, जिनके पुत्र विहलजी हुए जिनके वंशज "विहलात गुहिलोत" कहलाये, इनके मुख्य ठिकाणे जोड़किया, नाहरपुरा और मारवाड़ क्षेत्र में है।

बलाण रावल के द्वितीय पुत्र मेहसी के कालिया व नागिया हुए कालियाजी के वंशज "कीटावत गुहिलोत" व नागिया के वंशज "चरेड़ गुहिलोत" कहलाते है।

कीटावत गुहिलोत वंशजो के ठिकाणे बादरिया, होकरा, छापली, मिनकियावास, आमेट तथा चरेड़ गुहिलोत वंशजो के ठिकाणे खेड़ाजस्सा, दिवेर आदि है।

बलाण रावल की वंश परम्परा में वजाजी हुए जिनके वंश में क्रमशः तेजाजी, देवसी हुए।

देवसी के दो पुत्र हुए– मन्नो रावल और चन्द्र रावल

मन्नो रावल के वंश में क्रमशः महिपाल, वीरमजी, वेणाजी हुए

वेणाजी के पुत्रो में बाहराजी व कल्लाजी हुए।

बाहराजी के पुत्र गोदाजी के वंशज "गोदावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये जिनके मुख्य ठिकाणे शाहपुरा, उमर बावड़ी, बोरवागढ़ आदि है।

वेणाजी के पुत्र कल्लाजी के वंश में क्रमशः दानाजी, सरवरजी, केलाजी, वेलाजी, भीमाजी हुए।

भीमाजी के वंशज "भूण्डक गुहिलोत" कहलाये जो फताखेड़ा, फतेहपोल व भोजपुरा आदि गांवो में रहते है।

मन्ना रावल के भाई चन्द्र रावल के पुत्र किशना रावल हुए जिनके दो पुत्र महेन्द्र रावल और कुन्दन रावल हुए।

महेन्द्र रावल के वंशज "महेन्द्रावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये, जिनके मुख्य ठिकाणे बोरवा, रामगढ़, ठिकराणा, बाघमाल और मसूदागढ़ है।

कुन्दन रावल के पुत्र मन्ना रावल के वंशज "मन्नावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये।

खेम रावल

बप्पा रावल के पुत्र खेम रावल के वंश में भादूजी हुए जिनके वंश परम्परा में सूडजी के दो पुत्र कच्छजी व खंगारजी हुए कच्छजी के वंशज काछी गुहिलोत कहलाये जो काछिया सवादड़ी, परबतगढ़, जौहरखेड़ा आदि ठिकाणों में रहते है।

खेमरावल की वंश परम्परा में गुरूरावल हुए जिनके वंशज "गरतुण्ड गुहिलोत" कहलाये।

इनके पूर्वज नरवर में रहते थे जो यहीं से निकलकर मसूदागढ़, श्यामगढ़, रतनगढ़, बरसावाड़ा, सेन्दड़ा आदि क्षेत्रों में बस गये।

खेम रावल के वंश में भादू रावल की वंश परम्परा में धवलदेव हुए इन्हीं के वंश परम्परा में गोपालजी हुए जिनके वंश "डींगा गुहिलोत" कहलाये गोपालजी के वंश में पीथाजी का एक वंशज मांगलियावास से आकर सोनियाणा गांव बसाया तथा यहीं से कुछ वंशज निकलकर कूकरखेड़ा बसाया।

खेम रावल के वंश में बावलजी के वंशज "बावलात गुहिलोत", मादाजी के वंशज "मादावत गुहिलोत" धर्मलाजी के वंशज धर्मलात गुहिलोत" कहलाये।

जहरी रावल

बप्पा रावल के पुत्र जहरी रावल के वंश में क्रमशः जलरूप, भीमजी, खेराजी, भूराजी, मालाजी, बालाजी हुए।

बालाजी के वंशज "बालोत गुहिलोत" कहलाये जो नीमड़ी, गढ़ी थोरियान, बोराज आदि ठिकाणों में रहते है।

ईश्वर रावल

बप्पा रावल के पुत्र ईश्वर रावल के वंश में क्रमशः सालभाण, सलवण, हालरावल, नरबदरावल हुए।

नरबद रावल के पुत्र वण रावल के वंशज "वाणियात गुहिलोत" और लेहर रावल के वंशज "लोहरावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये

वाणियात गुहिलोत वंशजो के मुख्य ठिकाणे चांग, सुमेल, रूपाहेली, देवाता, सारोठ, नाहरपुरा, अतीतमण्ड आदि है तथा लोहरावत गुहिलोत के मुख्य ठिकाणे गोहणा, सेदरिया आदि है।

पदम रावल

बप्पा रावल के पुत्र पदम रावल जी के वंश में डागल रावल के वंशज "डागल गुहिलोत" कहलाये, जो शम्भुपुरा, नरबद खेड़ा आदि में रहते है।

पदम रावल के वंश में क्रमशः दादूजी, मणजी, रोहेलाजी, जोधाजी, गोदरसी, करमसी, चन्दाजी आदि हुए।

चन्दा रावल के वंशज कुवाथल, करमाबाड़िया, गिर्वा व मेवाड़ के क्षेत्रों में रहते है रोहेलाजी के वंशज "रहलोत गुहिलोत" कहलाते है।

मोट रावल

बप्पा रावल के पुत्र मोट रावल के वंशज "मोटावत गुहिलोत" कहलाये।

मेवाड़ के गुहिल वंश के शासक बप्पा रावल की २५वीं पीढ़ी में रणसिंह (कर्णसिंह ११५८ ई.) हुये, जिनके पुत्र क्षेमसिंह और राहप हुये राजवंश की परम्परा के अनुसार बड़े पुत्र क्षेमसिंह मेवाड़ के शासक बने तथा छोटे पुत्र राहप ने राणा शाखा की शुरुआत कर सिसोदा ठिकाने की स्थापना की कालान्तर में इसी राणा शाखा के वंशज सिसोदा गांव में निवास करने के कारण ही "सिसोदिया राजपूत" कहलाये।

चित्तौड़गढ़ दुर्ग के प्रथम साके के समय (१३०३ ई.) रावल रत्नसिंह जब वीरगति को प्राप्त हो गए तब उनके बाद राणा शाखा के सिसोदा ठिकाने वाले राणा अरिसिंह के पुत्र राणा हम्मीर सन् १३२६ ई. में मेवाड़ के शासक बने तभी से मेवाड़ के नरेश महाराणा कहलाने लगे।

गुहिलवंशीय बप्पा रावल (७३४-७५३ ई.) के पश्चात् मेवाड़ के निम्न शासक हुए –

(१). रावल खुमान (७५३- ७७३ ई.) 

(२). रावल मत्तट (७७३-७९३ ई.) 

(३). रावल भर्तभट्ट (७९३-८१३ ई.) 

(४). रावल सिंहा (८१३-८२८ ई.) 

(५). रावल खुमान- (८२८-८५३ ई.) 

(६). रावल सहायक (८५३-८७८ ई.) 

(७). रावल खुमान- (८७८-९४२) 

(८). रावल भर्तृभट्ट- (९४२-९४३ ई.) 

(९). रावल अल्लट (९५१-९५३ ई.) 

(१०). रावल नरवाहन (९७१-९७३) 

(११). रावल शालिवाहन (९७३-९७७ ई.) 

(१२). रावल शक्तिकुमार (९७७-९९३ ई.) 

(१३). रावल अम्बाप्रसाद (९९३-१००७ ई.) 

(१४). रावल शुचिवर्मा (१००७-१०२१ ई.) 

(१५). रावल नरवर्मा (१०२१-१०३५ ई.) 

(१६). रावल कीर्तिवर्मा (१०३५-१०५१ ई.) 

(१७). रावल योगराज (१०५१-१०६८ ई.) 

(१८). रावल वैरठ (१०६८-१०८८ ई.) 

(१९). रावल हंसपाल (१०८८-११०३ ई.) 

(२०). रावल वैरसिंह (११०३-११०७ ई.) 

(२१). रावल विजयसिंह (११०७-११२७ ई.) 

(२२). रावल अरिसिंह (११२७-११३८ ई.) 

(२३). रावल चोघसिंह (११३८-११४८ ई.) 

(२४). रावल विक्रमसिंह (११४८-११५८ ई.) 

(२५). रावल रणसिंह (११५८-११६८ ई.) 

(२६). रावल क्षेमसिंह (११६८-११७२ ई.) 

(२७). रावल सामंतसिंह (११७२-११७९ ई.) 

(२८). रावल कुमारसिंह (११७९-११९१ ई.) 

(२९). रावल मंथनसिंह (११९१-१२११ ई.) 

(३०). रावल पदमसिंह (१२११-१२१३ ई.) 

(३१). रावल जैत्रसिंह (१२१३-१२५३ ई.) 

(३२). रावल तेजसिंह (१२६१-१२६७ ई.) 

(३३). रावल समरसिंह (१२७३-१३०२ ई.) 

(३४). रावल रतनसिंह (१३०२-१३०३ ई.) 

(३५). महाराणा हम्मीरसिंह (१३२६-१३६४ ई.) 

(३६). महाराणा खेतासिंह (१३६६-१३८२ ई.) 

(३७). महाराणा लाखा (१३८२-१४२१ ई.) 

(३८). महाराणा मोकल (१४२१-१४३३ ई.) 

(३९). महाराणा कुम्भा (१४३३-१४६८ ई.) 

(४०). महाराणा उदयकर्ण (१४६८-१४७३ ई.) 

(४१). महाराणा रायमल (१४७३-१५०९ ई.) 

(४२). महाराणा संग्रामसिंह (१५०९-१५२७ ई.) 

(४३). महाराणा रतनसिंह- II (१५२७-१५३१ ई.) 

(४४). महाराणा विक्रमादित्य (१५३१-१५३६ ई.) 

(४५). महाराणा उदयसिंह (१५३७-१५७२ ई.) 

(४६). महाराणा प्रतापसिंह (१५७२-१५९७ ई.) 

(४७). महाराणा अमरसिंह (१५९७-१६२० ई.) 

(४८). महाराणा कर्णसिंह (१६२०-१६२८ ई.) 

(४९). महाराणा जगतसिंह (१६२८-१६५२ ई.) 

(५०). महाराणा राजसिंह (१६५३-१६८० ई.) 

(५१). महाराणा जयसिंह (१६८०-१६९८ ई.) 

(५२). महाराणा अमरसिंह (१६९८-१७१० ई.) 

(५३). महाराणा संग्रामसिंह (१७१०-१७३४ ई.) 

(५४). महाराणा जगतसिंह- II (१७३४-१७५१ ई.) 

(५५). महाराणा प्रतापसिंह - II (१७५१-१७५४ ई.) 

(५६). महाराणा राजसिंह- II (१७५४-१७६१ ई.) 

(५७). महाराणा अरिसिंह- II (१७६१-१७७३ ई.) 

(५८). महाराणा हमीरसिंह- II (१७७३-१७७८ ई.) 

(५९). महाराणा भीमसिंह (१७७८-१८२८ ई.) 

(६०). महाराणा जवानसिंह (१८२८-१८३८ ई.) 

(६१). महाराणा सरदारसिंह (१८३८-१८४२ ई.) 

(६२). महाराणा स्वरुपसिंह (१८४२-१८६१ ई.) 

(६३). महाराणा शम्भुसिंह (१८६१-१८७४ ई.) 

(६४). महाराणा सज्जनसिंह (१८७४-१८८४ ई.) 

(६५). महाराणा फतेहसिंह (१८८४-१९३० ई.) 

(६६). महाराणा भूपालसिंह (१९३१-१९५५ ई.) 

(६७). महाराणा भगवतसिंह (१९५५-१९८४ ई.) 

(६८). महाराणा महेन्द्रसिंह ए्वं महाराणा अरविन्द सिंह मेवाड़ (१९८४ ई. से निरंतर.....)


प्राचीन शिलालखों में वर्णन –

बप्पा रावल का ऐतिहासिक वर्णन कुम्भलगढ़ प्रशस्ति, रणकपुर प्रशस्ति, वैद्यनाथ प्रशस्ति, एकलिंग प्रशस्ति, कीर्ति स्तम्भ शिलालेख, आबू के शिलालेख आदि में किया गया है।

बप्पा रावल प्रथम गुहिल शासक था जिसने मेवाड़ में सोने के सिक्के का प्रचलन किया जो उसकी प्रतिभा और वैभव का प्रतीक था इस ११५ ग्रेन के सिक्के पर कामधेनु, बछड़ा, शिवलिंग, नदी, दंडवत पुरूष, मछली, त्रिशुल, सूर्य आदि का अंकन है।

बप्पा रावल ने कैलाशपुरी गांव में अपने कुलदेवता एकलिगजी का मंदिर व इसके पीछे आदिवराह का मंदिर तथा चित्तौड़ में सूर्य मंदिर का निर्माण करवाया।

इतिहासकारों ने चार्ल्स मार्टेल (मुगल सेनाओं को सर्वप्रथम पराजित करने वाला फ्रांसिसी सेनापति) की तुलना बप्पा रावल से की है (क्योंकि बप्पा रावल ने सबसे पहले विदेशी अरबो को पराजित किया।)

इतिहासकार सी.वी. वैद्य के अनुसार उसकी शौर्य की चट्टान के सामने अरबों के आक्रमण का ज्वारभाटा टकराकर चूर-चूर हो गया उसने ईस्फान, कंधार, इराक, ईरान, तुरान, काफरिस्थान आदि पश्चिमी देशों के शासकों को हराया।

मेवाड़ के मूल शासक - बप्पा रावल बप्पा रावल को "कालभोज" के नाम से भी जाना जाता है  जन्म - 713-14 ई. इनके समय चित्तौड़ पर मौर्य शासक मान मोरी का राज था 734 ई. में बप्पा रावल ने 20 वर्ष की आयु में मान मोरी को पराजित कर चित्तौड़ दुर्ग पर अधिकार किया वैसे तो गुहिलादित्य/गुहिल को गुहिल वंश का संस्थापक कहते हैं, पर गुहिल वंश का वास्तविक संस्थापक बप्पा रावल को माना जाता है बप्पा रावल को हारीत ऋषि के द्वारा महादेव जी के दर्शन होने की बात मशहूर है एकलिंग जी का मन्दिर - उदयपुर के उत्तर में कैलाशपुरी में स्थित इस मन्दिर का निर्माण 734 ई. में बप्पा रावल ने करवाया इसके निकट हारीत ऋषि का आश्रम है आदी वराह मन्दिर - यह मन्दिर बप्पा रावल ने एकलिंग जी के मन्दिर के पीछे बनवाया 735 ई. में हज्जात ने राजपूताने पर अपनी फौज भेजी बप्पा रावल ने हज्जात की फौज को हज्जात के मुल्क तक खदेड़ दिया बप्पा रावल की तकरीबन 100 पत्नियाँ थीं, जिनमें से 35 मुस्लिम शासकों की बेटियाँ थीं, जिन्हें इन शासकों ने बप्पा रावल के भय से उन्हें ब्याह दीं..... सिंध में अरबों का शासन स्थापित हो जाने के बाद जिस वीर ने उनको न केवल पूर्व की ओर बढ़ने से सफलतापूर्वक रोका था, बल्कि उनको कई बार करारी हार भी दी थी, उसका नाम था बप्पा रावल। . 


इस गौरवशाली वंश में जन्म लेने वाले महाप्रतापी हिंदू सम्राट बप्पा रावल ने ईरानी और अरबी यवन आक्रान्ताओं के इस्लामी साम्राज्यवाद से संघर्ष कर हिंदू धर्म संस्कृति और राष्ट्र की रक्षा की थी इसी वंश में महाराणा हम्मीर, महाराणा लाखा, पितृभक्त महाराणा चूंडा महाराणा कुंभा जैसे वीर शिरोमणि उदार और महापराक्रमी शासक हुये थे जिन्होंने हमारे राष्ट्र की अस्मिता और अखण्डता के लिए विदेशी आक्रान्ताओं से लगातार संघर्ष किया।

महाराणा प्रताप की वीरता हिंदुत्व का स्वाभिमान तथा भारत भूमि को मुगलों से मुक्त कराने की उत्कट आकांक्षा इसी महान विरासत की देन थी जिसे उन्होंने अपने जीवन में भी कभी कमजोर नहीं पड़ने दिया।

जय राजपूताना जय मां भवानी धर्म क्षत्रिय युगे युगे।



A race of warriors like the Rajputs naturally favours
the worship of Siva who, as the successor of Rudra, the Vedic storm-god, was originally a terror-inspiring deity, a side of his character only imperfectly veiled by his euphemistic title of Siva,' the blessed or auspicious One.' In his phallic manifestation
his chief shrine is at Eklingji, ' the single or notable phallus,'about fourteen miles north of Udaipur city. The Ranas hold the office of priest-kings, Diwans or prime-ministers of the god.Their association with this deity has been explained by an inscription recently found in the temple of Natha, ' the Lord,'
now used as a storeroom of the Eklingji temple.^ The inscription,dated a.d. 971, is in form of a dedication to Lakullsa, a form of Siva represented as bearing a club, and refers to the Saiva sect known as Lakullsa-Pasapatas. It records the name of a king
named Sri-Bappaka, ' the moon among the princes of the Guhila dynasty,' who reigned at a place called Nagahvada, identified with Nagda, an ancient town several times mentioned in The Annals, the ruins of which exist at the foot of the hill on which
the temple of Eklingji stands. Sri-Bappaka is certainly Bapa or Bappa, the traditional founder of the Mewar dynasty, which had at that time its capital at Nagda. From this inscription it is clear that the Eklingji temple was in existence before a.d. 971, and, as Mr. Bhandarkar remarks, " it shows that the old tradition
about Nagendra and Bappa Rawal's infancy given by Tod had some historical foundation.


Bappa Rawal was one of the most deadly figure during 8th century for enemies/invaders of India. His image is deadlier than shamanist Chengis Khan in front of invaders. The achievements of Bappa Rawal went under many layers as it didn't fit with the leftist historian of our country. The invasion had reached India's part of Sindh during 7th century itself when Raja Dahir, the last hindu king was killed and his daughters (Pramela and Surya devi) were taken captive by Qasim during 712 war and were sent as war booty to the caliphate. Later, the intelligent brave duo tricked caliphate that they were already abused by Qasim before sending which led the death of Qasim and later both girls too were put in the walls alive, when there trick was revealed. This was also the time when richest Multan Surya temple was also taken captive. So, when the invasion of India already started in 7th century than what led islamic invaders to halt their proceedings till 10th century. The answer is proud name of BAPPA RAWAL. The real name of Bappa was Kaal Bhoj and he used to love India very much and was a great patriot. He was the person who established the place Rawalpindi, as checkpoint towards any possible invasion. He slaughtered the mleechas till middle east and drove all of them back to middle east. Arab mlecchas after winning Sindh , got control of parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat by 725. That was the time when they advanced towards Mewad, and Bappa Rawal (the son of Naagditya) took control to fight against Arabs. Till 735, he took back Chittor and other parts and joined it with Mewad. He kept driving the mlecchas army and capturing back all other places. Rawalpindi was the place where Bappas army was strategically placed. He together with other kings, drove the invaders out of Gandhar region. He continuously fought for 16 years against the arab invaders and broke them completely, left right centre. The efforts kept invaders away from mainstream India for almost three centuries. Such great glorious warrior is lost from our today's History.

Having established Bappa on the throne of Chitor S. 784 (a.d. 728), we will proceed to glean from the annals, from the period of his departure for Iran, S. 820 (a.d. 764) to another halting point— 

the reign of Samarsi, S. 1249 (a.d. 1193) ; an important epoch, not only in the history of Mewar, but to the whole Hindu race ; when the diadem of sovereignty was torn from the brow of the Hindu to adorn that of the Tatar. We shall not, however, overleap the four intervening centuries, though we may not be able to fill up the reigns of the eighteen princes whose " banner at this time was a golden sun on a crimson field," and several of whose names yet live recorded " with an iron pen on the rock " of their native abodes.

An intermediate period, from Bappa to Samarsi, that of Sakti Kumar, is fixed by the Aitpur inscription in S. 1024 (a.d. 968) ; A new era had commenced, not of Yazdegird's accession, as is supposed, which would have been vain indeed, when the throne was tottering under him, but consequent to the completion of the grand cycle of 1440 years. He was slain at Merv in a.d. 651, the 31st of the Hegira; on the eleventh year of which, or a.d. 632 (according to Moreri), he commenced his reign. Gibbon was wrong. 

India afforded them an asylum, and their issue constitutes the most wealthy, the most respected, and the most enlightened part of the native community of Bombay and the chief towns of that presidency. (Gibbon, Miscellaneous Works, ' Sur la Monarchic des Medes,' vol. iii. 4 )

" We now know that Samar Singh was alive up to 1299, only four years before Alau-d-dln's siege of Chitor, and that in several inscriptions his dates are given as 1273, 1274, 1285, etc. . . . Instead of being the father of Karan Singh I., as stated by Tod, Samar Singh came eight genei-ations after him, and was the father of Ratan Singh I., who, according to Muhammadan historians, was the ruler of Chitor during the reign of Alau-d-dln, and the husband of Padmini " (Erskine ii. A. 14 f.)] 5 See Genealogical Table. 6 This, according to the roll, was the standard of Bappa. and from the more perishable yet excellent authority of an ancient Jain HIS. 

the era of Allat, the ancestor of Sakti Kumar, was S. 922 (a.d. 866), four generations prior. From Bappa's departure for Iran, in a.d. 764, to the subversion of Hindu dominion in the reign of Samarsi, in a.d. 1193, we find recorded an intermediate Islamite invasion. This was during the reign of Khuman, between a.d. 812 and 836, which event forms the chief subject of the Khuman-Raesa, the most ancient of the poetic chronicles of Mewar.

As the history of India at this period is totally dark, we gladly take advantage of the lights thus afforded. By combining these facts with what is received as authentic, though scarcely less obscure or more exact than these native legends, we may furnish materials for the future historian. With this view, let us take a rapid sketch of the irruptions of the Arabians into India, from the rise of Islamism to the foundation of the Ghaznivid empire, which sealed the fate of the Hindus. The materials are but scanty. El-Makin, in his history of the Cahphs, passes over such intercourse almost without notice. Abu-1-Fazl, though not diffuse, is minute in what he does say, and we can confide in his veracity. 

Ferishta has a chapter devoted to this subject, which merits a better translation than yet exists.We shall, however, in the first place, touch on Bappa's descendants, till we arrive at the point proper for the introduction of the intended sketch. Of the twenty-four tribes of Guhilot, several issued from the founder, Bappa. Shortly after the conquest of Chitor, Bappa proceeded to Saurashtra and married the daughter of Yusufgol, prince of the island of Bandardiva. With his bride he conveyed Amongst the passages which Dow [i. 37] has slurred over in his translation is the interesting account of the origin of the Afghans ; who, when they first came in contact with those of the new faith, in a.h. 62, dwelt around the Koh-i-Sulaiman.
Ferishta, quoting authority, says : " The Afghans were Copts, ruled by Pharaun, many of whom were converted to the laws and religion of Moses ; but others, who were stubborn in their worship to their gods, fled towards Hindustan, and took possession of the country adjoining the Koh-i-Sulaiman. They were visited by Kasim from Sind, and in the 143rd year of the Hegira had possessed themselves of the provinces of Kirman, Peshawar, and all within their bounds {sinoran)," which Dow has converted into a province. The whole geographical description of the Kohistan, the etymology of the term Rohilla, and other important matter, is omitted by him [see Briggs, trans, i. 6 f.]. 2 [The island Diu.] Yusufgol is stated to have held Chaul on the main to Chitor the statue of Vanmata, the tutelary goddess of her race, who still divides with Eklinga the devotion of the Guhilot princes. The temple in which he enshrined this islandic goddess yet stands on the summit of Chitor, with many other monuments assigned by tradition to Bappa. 

This princess bore him Aparajit, who from being born in Chitor was nominated successor to the throne, to the exclusion of his less fortunate elder brother, Asil (born of the daughter of the Kaba (Pramara) prince of Kalibao near Dwaraka), who, however, obtained possessions in Saurashtra, and founded a race called the Asila Guhilots, whose descendants were so numerous, even in Akbar's reign, as supposed to be able to bring into the field fifty thousand men at arms. We have nothing important to record of the actions of Aparajit, who had two sons Kalbhoj - and Nandkumar. Kalbhoj succeeded Aparajit, and his warlike qualities are extolled in an inscription discovered by the author in the valley of Nagda. Nandkumar slew Bhimsen Dor (Doda), and possessed himself of Deogarh in the Deccan.


Khuman succeeded Kalbhoj . His name is remark able in the history of Mewar. He came to the throne at the land. He was most probably the father of Vanaraja Chawara, the founder of Patan Anhilwara, whose ancestors, on the authority of the Kumarpal Charitra, were princes of Bandardiva, held by the Portuguese since the time of Albuquerque, who changed its name to Deo. [But Yusufgol, if he existed, must have been a Musahnan. Vanaraja Chawara was son of Jayasekhara, said to have been slain in battle, a.d. 696, leaving his wife pregnant (BG, i. Part i. 150 f.). Yusufgol does not appear in the local history.]
[Ferishta (i. 2) calls him Sayyid bin Abiu-1-Aas.]

 The ancient roll from which this is taken mentions Asil giving his name to a fortress, called Asilgarh. His son, Bijai Pal, was slain in attempting to wrest Khambayat (Cambay) from Sangram Dabhi. One of his wives, from a violent death, was prematurely deUvered of a boy, called Setu ; and as, in such cases, the Hindu supposes the deceased to become a discontented spirit {churail), Churaila became the name of the tribe. Bija, the twelfth from Asil, obtained Sonal from his maternal uncle, Khengar Dabhi, prince of Girnar, but was slain by Jai Singh Deo, prince of Surat. From these names compounded, Dabi and Churaila, we may have the Dabisalima of Mahmud. [The Asil Guhilots are now included in the Mers of the Kathiawar coast ; their numbers are exaggerated in the text (Ain, ii. 247 ; BG, ix. Parti. 126).] (See Table in below pic). Also called Kama. He it was who excavated the Boraila lake, and erected the grand temple of Eklinga on the site of the hermitage of Harita, whose descendant, the present officiating priest, reckons sixty six descents, while the princes of Mewar amount to seventy-two in the same period.beginning of the ninth century, when Chitor was assailed by another formidable invasion of Muhammadans. The chief object of the Khuman Raesa is to celebrate the defence made on this occasion, and the value of this Raesa consists in the catalogue of the princes who aided in defending this bulwark of the Hindu faith. The bard, in an animated strain, makes his sovereign on this occasion successfully defend the ' crimson standard ' of Mewar, treat with contempt the demand for tribute, and after a violent assault, in which the ' barbarian ' is driven back, follow and discomfit him in the plan, carrying back the hostile leader, Mahmud, captive. With this event, which introduces the name of Mahmud two centuries before the conqueror of Ghazni, we will pause, and resume the promised sketch of the intercourse of Arabia and Hindustan at this period.
The first intimation of the Moslems attempting the invasion of India is during the caliphat of Omar, who built the port of Bassorah at the mouth of the Tigris, chiefly to secure the trade of Gujarat and Sind ; into which latter country a powerful army penetrated under Abul Aas, who was killed in battle at Aror. The Caliph Osman, who succeeded Omar, sent to explore the state of India, while he prepared an army to invade it in person : a design which he never fulfilled. The generals of the Caliph Ali made conquests in Sind, which they abandoned at Ali's death. While Yazid was governor of Khorasan several attempts were made on India, as also during the caliphat of Abdu- Malik, but without any lasting results. It was not till the reign of Walid that any successful invasion took place. He not only finally conquered Sind and the adjoining continent of India, but rendered tributary all that part of India on this side the Ganges. 

What an exalted idea must we not form of the energy and rapidity of such conquests, when we find the arms of Islam at once on the Ganges and the Ebro, and two regal dynasties simultaneously cut off, that of Roderic, the last of the Goths of Andaloos, and Dahir Despati in the valley of the Indus. It was in a.h. 99 (a.d. 712, S. 774) that Muhammad bin Kasim vanquished and slew Dahir,
 3 Marigny (quoting EI-Makin), Hist, of the Arabians, vol. ii. p. 283 ; Mod. Univ. Hint. vol. ii. p. 47.



prince of Sind, after numerous conflicts. Amongst the spoils of victory sent to the caliph on this occasion were the daughters of the subjugated monarch, who were the cause of Kasim's destruction, when he was on the eve of earrjdng the war against Raja Harchand of Kanauj. Some authorities state that he actually prosecuted it ; and as Sind remained a dependency of the caliphat during several successive reigns, the successor of Kasim may have executed his plans. Little is said of India from this period to the reign of Al-Mansur, except in regard to the rebellion of Yazid in Khorasan, and the flight of his son to Sind. The eight sovereigns, who rapidly followed, were too much engaged with the Christians of the west and the Huns on the Caspian to think of India. Their armies were then in the heart of France, which was only saved from the Koran by their overthrow at Tours by Charles Martel.
Al-Mansur, when only the lieutenant of the Caliph Abbas, held the government of Sind and of India, and made the island of Bakhar on the Indus, and the adjacent Aror, the ancient capital, his residence, naming it Mansura ; and it was during his government that Bappa Rawal abandoned Chitor for Iran. The celebrated Harunu-r-rashid, contemporary of Charle magne, in apportioning his immense empire amongst his sons, gave to the second, Al-Mamun, Khorasan, Zabulistan, Kabulistan, Sind, and Hindustan. Al-Mamun, on the death of Ilarun, de posed his brother, and became caliph in A.ii. 198 or a.d. 813, and ruled to 833, the exact period of the reign of Khuman, prince of Chitor. The domestic history brings the enemy assailant of Chitor from Zabulistan ; and as the leader's name is given Mahmud Khorasan Pat, there can be little doubt that it is an error arising from ignorance of the copyist, and should be Mamun.
The two young princesses, in order to revenge the death of their father, represented falsely to the Khahf that Muhammad bin Kasim had been connected with them. The Khalif , in a rage, gave order for Muhammad bin Kasim to be sewed up in a raw hide, and sent in that condition to court. When the mandate arrived at Tatta, Kasim was prepared to carry an expedition against Harchand, monarch of Kanauj. When he arrived at court, the Khalif showed him to the daughters of Dahir, who expressed their joy upon beholding their father's murderer in such a condition " [Ain/ii. 345 ; Elliot-Dowson i. 209 f.]. 2 Aror is seven miles east of Bakhar. 3 Marigny, vol. iii. p. 83 ; Univ. Hist. vol. ii. p. 162.


Within twenty years after this event, the sword of conquest and conversion was withdrawn from India, and Sind was the only province left to Mutawakkil (a.d. 850 [847 861]), the grandson of Harun, for a century after whom the throne of Baghdad, like that of ancient Rome, was sold by her jiraetorians to the highest bidder. From this time we find no mention what ever of Hindustan, or even of Sind, imtil Sabuktigin, governor of Khorasan, hoisted the standard of independent sovereignty at Ghazni. In A.n. 365 (a.d. 974) he carried his arms across the Indus, forcing the inhabitants to abandon the religion of their ancestors, and to read the Koran from the altars of Balrama and Krishna. Towards the close of this century he made his last invasion, accompanied by his son, the celebrated Mahmud, destined to be the scourge of the Hindu race, who early imbibed the paternal lesson inculcating the extirpation of infidels. 

Twelve several visitations did Mahmud make with his Tatar hordes, sweeping India of her riches, destroying her temples and archi tectural remains, and leaving the country plunged in poverty and ignorance. From the effect of these incursions she never recovered ; for though she had a respite of a century between Mahmud and the final conquest, it was too short to repair what it had cost ages to rear : the temples of Somnath, of Chitor, and Girnar are but types of the magnificence of past times. The memorial of Sakti Kumar proves him to have been the contemporary of Sabuktigin, and to one of his son's visitations is attributed the destruction of the ' city of the sun ' (Aitpur), his capital.
Having thus condensed the little information afforded by Muhammadan historians of the connexion between the caliphs of Baghdad and princes of Hind, from the first to the end of the fourth century of the Hegira, we shall revert to the first recorded attack on the Mori prince of Chitor, which brought Bappa into notice. This was either by Yazid or Muhammad bin Kasim from Sind.' Though in the histories of the caliphs we can only expect to find recorded those expeditions His father's name was Aliptigin, termed a slave by Ferishta and his authorities ; though EI-Makin gives him an ancestor in Yazdegird. [He was a slave (Elliot-Dowson iv. 159).] 
2 Ait, contracted from Aditya : hence Itwar, ' Sunday.' 
3 [This is not corroborated by Musulraan authorities.] which were successful, or had some lasting results, there are inroads of their revolted lieutenants or their frontier deputies, which frequently, though indistinctly, alluded to in Hindu annals, have no place in Muhammadan records. 

Throughout the period mentioned there was a stir amongst the Hindu nations, in which we find confusion and dethronement from an unknown invader, who is described as coming sometimes by Sind, sometimes by sea, and not unfrequently as a demon and magician ; but invariably as mlechchha, or ' barbarian.' 1From S. 750 to S. 780 (a.d. 694 to [246] 724), the annals of the Yadus, the Chauhans, the Chawaras , and the Guhilots, bear evidence to simultaneous convulsions in their respective houses at this period.

In S. 750 (a.h. 75) the Yadu Bhatti was driven from his capital Salpura in the Panjab, across the Sutlej into the Indian desert ; the invader named Farid. At the same period Manika Rae, the Chauhan prince of Ajmer, was assailed and slain. Even from the puerilities of Hindu legends something may be extracted. A mendicant dervesh, called Roshan Ali {i.e. the ' light of Ali '), had found his way to Garh Bitli (the ancient name of the Ajmer fortress), and having thrust his hand into a vessel of curds destined for the Raja, had his finger cut off. The disjointed member flew to Mecca, and was recognized as belonging to the saint. An army was equipped in the disguise of horse merchants, which invaded Ajmer, whose prince was slain. May we not gather from this incident that an insult to the first Islamite missionary, in the person of Roshan Ali, brought upon the prince the arms of the Caliph ? 

The same Chauhan legends state that Ajaipal was prince of Ajmer at this time ; that in this invasion by sea he hastened to Anjar (on the coast of Cutch), where he held the ' guard of the ocean ' {Samudra lei Chaulci), where he fell in opposing the landing. An altar was erected on the spot, on which was sculptured the figure of the prince on horseback, with his lance at rest, and which still annually attracts multitudes at the ' fair (Mela) of Ajaipal.' The subsequent invasion alluded to in the text, of S. 750 (a.d. 694), is marked by a curious anecdote. When the ' Asurs ' had blockaded Ajmer, Lot, the infant son of Manika Rae, was playing on the battlements, when an arrow from the foe killed the heir of Ajmer, who has ever since been worshipped amongst the lares and penates of the Chauhans ; and as he had on a silver chain anklet at the time, this ornament is forbid to the children of the race. In all these Rajput families there is a putra {adolesceyis) amongst the penates, always one who has come to an untimely end, and chiefly worshipped by females ; having a strong resemblance to the rites in honour of Adonis. We have traced several Roman and Grecian terms to Sanskrit origin ; may we add that of lares, from larla, ' dear ' or ' beloved '?[?].
-[The story is " puerile and fictitious : independent of which the Arabs liad quite enough to do nearer home " (Elliot-Dowson i. 426).]
The first of the Khichi princes who occupied the Duab of Sindsagar in the Panjab, as well as the ancestor of the Haras established in Golkonda, was expelled at the same time. The invader is treated in the genuine Hindu style as a Danava, or demon, and is named Ghairaram [Persian : not a likely name.]  (i.e. restless), from Kujliban,,(Signifying ' Elephant forests,' and described in a Hindu map (stamped on cloth and painted) of India from Kujiiban to Lanka, and the provinces west of the Indus to Calcutta ; presented by me to the Royal Asiatic Society.) a term geographically given to a portion of the Himalaya mountains about the glaciers of the Ganges. The ancestor of the founder of Patan was expelled from his petty islandic dominion on the coast of Saurashtra at the same time. This is the period when Yazid was the caliph's lieutenant in Khorasan, and when the arms of Walid conquered to the Ganges ; nor is there a doubt that Yazid or Kasim was the author of all these revolutions in the Hindu dynasties. We are supported in this by the names of the princes contained in the catalogue who aided to defend Chitor and the Mori prince on this occasion. It is evident that Chitor was, alternately with Ujjain, the seat of sovereignty of the Pramara at this period, and, as it became the rallying point of the Hindus, that this race was the first in consequence.^ We find the prince of Ajmer, and the quotas of
 
3 The list of the vassal princes at the court of the Mori confirms the statement of the bard Ohand, of the supremacy of Ram Pramara, and the partition of his dominion, as described (see p. 63, note) amongst the princes who founded separate dynasties at this period ; hitherto in vassalage or subordinate to the Pramara. We can scarcely suppose the fauiily to have suffered any decay since their ancestor, Chandragupta, connected by marriage with as well as the ally of the Grecian Seleucus, and who held Greeks in his pay. From such connexion, the arts of sculpture and archi tecture may have derived a character hitherto unnoticed. Amidst the ruins of Barolli are seen sculptured the Grecian helmet ; and the elegant ornament, the Kumbha, or ' vessel of desire,' on the temple of Annapurna (i.e. ' giver of food '), the Hindu Ceres, has much affinity to the Grecian device. From the inscription (see No. 2) it is evident that Chitor was an appanage of Ujjain, the seat of Pramar empire. Its monarch, Chandragupta (Mori [Maurya]), degraded into the barber (Maurya) tribe, was the descendant of Srenika, prince of Rajagriha, who, according to the Jain work, Kalpadruma Kalka, flourished in the year 477 before Vikramaditya, and from whom Chandra gupta was the thirteenth in descent. The names as follows : Kanika, Udsen, and nine in succession of the name of Nanda, thence called the Nau-nanda. These, at twenty-two years to a reign (see p. 64), would give 286 years, which— 477 = 191 s.v. + 56 = 247 a.c. Now it was in a.c. 260, Saurashtra and Gujarat [247] ; Angatsi, lord of the Huns ; Busa, the lord of the North ; Sheo, the prince of the Jarejas ; the Johya, lord of Jangaldes ; the Aswaria, the Sepat, the Kulhar, the Malan, the Ohir, the Hul, and many others, having nothing of the Hindu in name, now extinct. But the most conspicuous is ' Dahir Despati from Debal.' This is erroneously written Delhi, the seat of the Tuars ; whereas we recognize the name of the prince of Sind, slain by Kasim, whose expatriated son doubtless found refuge in Chitor. [Much of this needs correction, which cannot be done in the hunts of a note. For the Nanda dynasty see Smith, EHI, 40, and for Chandragupta Maurya and Asoka, 115 ff.]


This attack on the Mori prince was defeated chiefly through the bravery of the youthful Guhilot. The foe from Kujliban, though stated to have advanced by Mathura, retreated by Saurashtra and Sind, pursued by Bappa. He found the ancient seat of his ancestors, Gajni, [This and the second catalogue are fictions. They conflict with the conditions then existing in Gujarat, and such motley arrays are a favourite bardic theme (Forbes, Easmala, 31, note ; A8R, ii. 379).] still in the possession of the ' Asur ' : a term as well as mlechchha, or ' bar barian,' always given to the Islamite at this period. Salim, who held Gajni, was attacked and forced to surrender, and Bappa in according to Bayer, that the treaty was formed between Seleucus and Chandragupta ; so that this scrap of Jain history may be regarded as authentic and valuable. Asoka (a name of weight in Jain annals) succeeded Chandragupta. He by Kunala, whose son was Samprati, with whose name ends the hne of Srenika, according to the authority from which I made the extract. The name of Samprati is well known from Ajnier to Saurashtra, and his era is given in a valuable chronogrammatic catalogue in an ancient Jain manuscript from the temple of Nadol, at 202 of the Virat Samvat. He is mentioned both traditionally and by books as the great supporter of the Jain faith, and the remains of temples dedicated to Mahavira, erected by this prince, yet exist at Ajrr.er, on Abu, Kumbhalmer, and Girnar. 

It has already been stated that the ancient name of Cambay was Gaini or Gajni, whose ruins are three miles from the present city [see p. 254 above].

There is also a Gajni on the estuary of the Mahi, and Abu-1 Fazl incidentally mentions a Gajnagar as one of the most important fortresses of Gujarat, belonging to Ahmad Shah; in attempting to obtain which by stratagem, his antagonist, Hoshang, king of Malwa, was made prisoner. I am unaware of the site of this place, though there are remains of an exten sive fortress near the capital, founded by Ahmad, and which preserves no name. It may be the ancient Gajnagar.

[The Author confuses the place in Gujarat with Jajnagar or Jajpur in Orissa, captured through a stratagem by Hoshang {Ain, ii. 219 ; Ferishta iv. 178 ; BG, i. Part i. 359).] 

ducted into this stronghold of his ancestors a nephew of his own. It is no less singular than honourable to their veracity that the annals should record the fact, so contrary to their religion, of Bappa having married the daughter of the conquered Salim ; and we have a right to infer that it was from the influence acquired by this union tliat he ultimately abandoned the sovereignty of Mewar and the title of ' Hindua Suraj ' to become the founder of the ' one hundred and thirty tribes of Naushahra Pathans ' of the west. It is fair to conclude from all these notices regarding the founder of the Guhilot race in Chitor that he must have abjured his faith for that of Islam ; and it is probable (though the surmise must ever remain unproved) that, under some new title applicable to such change, we may have, in one of the early distinguished leaders of ' the Faith,' the ancestor of the Guhilots.











Tuesday, May 31, 2016

PARAMVEER CAPTAIN GURBACHAN SINGH SALARIA - IMMORTAL RAJPUTS


An Ode To The Only UN Peacekeeper Awarded The Param Vir Chakra!



देश की एकता और अखंडता को बरकरार रखते हुए हमारे अनगिनत वीर सपूतों ने अपने प्राणों की आहूति देकर देश के गौरव को बढ़ाया है। शहीदों की इस फेहरिस्त में एक नाम शहीद कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया का भी आता है, जिन्होने विदेशी धरती यानी अफ्रीका के कांगो में भारत द्वारा भेजी गई शांति सेना का नेतृत्व करते हुए न सिर्फ 40 विद्रोहियों को मार गिराया बल्कि खुद शहादत का जाम पीते हुए भारत गणतंत्र के पहले परमवीर चक्र विजेता होने का गौरव प्राप्त किया। (हालांकि उनसे पहले सोमनाथ शर्मा, जादुनाथ सिंह, रामा रंघोबा राणे, पीरू सिंह शेखावत और करम सिंह को यह सम्मान मिल चुका था, लेकिन उन्हें जिस काल १९४७-४८ के लिए यह सम्मान मिला, उस वक्त भारत में अपना संविधान लागू नहीं हुआ था।) इनकी बहादुरी का सम्मान करते हुए देश के तत्कालीन राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राधा कृष्णन ने इन्हें मरणोपरांत देश के सर्वोच्च वीरता पुरस्कार परमवीर चक्र से सम्मानित किया था।

पिता के बहादुरी के किस्से सुन बने फौजी:


गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया का जन्म २९ नवम्बर १९३५ को शकरगढ़ के जनवल गांव में हुआ था। यह स्थान अब पाकिस्तान में है। इनके पिता मुंशी राम सलारिया भी फौजी थे और ब्रिटिश-इंडियन आर्मी के डोगरा स्क्वेड्रन, हडसन हाउस में नियुक्त थे। इनकी मां धन देवी एक साहसी महिला थीं तथा बहुत सुचारू रूप से गृहस्थी चलाते हुए बच्चों का भविष्य बनाने में लगी रहती थीं। पिता के बहादुरी के किस्सों ने गुरबचन सिंह सालारिया को भी फौजी जिंदगी के प्रति आकृष्ट किया। इसी आकर्षण के कारण गुरबचन ने १९४६ में बैंगलोर के किंग जार्ज रॉयल मिलिट्री कॉलेज में प्रवेश लिया। अगस्त १९४७ में उनका स्थानांतरण उसी कॉलेज की जालंधर शाखा में हो गया।


१९५३ में वह नेशनल डिफेंस अकेडमी में पहुंच गए और वहां से पास होकर कारपोरल रैंक लेकर सेना में आ गए। वहां भी उन्होंने अपनी छवि वैसी ही बनाई जैसी स्कूल में थी यानी आत्म सम्मान के प्रति बेहद सचेत सैनिक माने गए। एक बार इन्हें एक छात्र ने तंग करने की कोशिश की। वह एक तगड़ा सा दिखने वाला लड़का था, लेकिन इसी बात पर गुरबचन सिंह ने उसे बॉक्सिंग के लिए चुनौती दे डाली। मुकाबला तय हो गया। सबको यही लग रहा था कि गुरबचन सिंह हार जाएंगे, लेकिन रिंग के अंदर उतरकर जिस मुस्तैदी से गुरबचन सिंह ने मुक्कों की बरसात की, उनके आगे वह कुशल प्रतिद्वंद्वी भी ठहर नहीं पाया और जीत गुरबचन सिंह की हुई। एक बार एक बेचारा लड़का कुएं में गिर गया, गुरबचन सिंह वहीं थे। उन्हें बच्चे पर तरस आया और वह उसे बचाने को कुएं में कूदने को तैयार हो गए, जबकि उन्हें खुद भी तैरना नहीं आता था। खैर उनके साथियों ने उन्हें ऐसा करने से रोक लिया।


एलिजाबेथ विला में सौंपा दायित्व:-


यह बात है उस वक्त की जब बेल्जियम के कांगो छोड़ने के बाद कांगो में शीत-युद्ध जैसी स्थितियां उत्पन्न होने लगीं। संयुक्त राष्ट्र ने इस परिस्थिति को संभालने हेतु भारत की मदद लेने का फैसला लिया। भारत ने संयुक्त राष्ट्र के इस अभियान के लिए लगभग तीन हजार जवानों को वहां भेजा, जिसमें से कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया भी एक थे। 3/1 गोरखा राइफल्स के कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया को संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सैन्य प्रतिनिधि के रूप में एलिजाबेथ विला में दायित्व सौंपा गया था। 24 नवम्बर 1961 को संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ की सुरक्षा परिषद ने यह प्रस्ताव पास किया था कि संयुक्त राष्ट्र की सेना कांगो के पक्ष में हस्तक्षेप करे और आवश्यकता पड़ने पर बल प्रयोग करके भी विदेशी व्यवसायियों पर अंकुश लगाए।


संयुक्त राष्ट्र के इस निर्णय से शोम्बे के व्यापारी आदि भड़क उठे और उन्होंने संयुक्त राष्ट्र की सेनाओं के मार्ग में बाधा डालने का उपक्रम शुरू कर दिया। संयुक्त राष्ट्र के दो वरिष्ठ अधिकारी उनके केंद्र में आ गए। उन्हें पीटा गया। 3/1 गोरखा राइफल्स के मेजर अजीत सिंह को भी उन्होंने पकड़ लिया था और उनके ड्राइवर की हत्या कर दी थी। इन विदेशी व्यापारियों का मंसूबा यह था कि वह एलिजाबेथ विला के मोड़ से आगे का सारा संवाद तंत्र तथा रास्ता काट देंगे और फिर संयुक्त राष्ट्र की सैन्य टुकडिय़ों से निपटेंगे।


हमले के लिए चुना दोपहर का समय:


५ दिसम्बर १९६१ को एलिजाबेथ विला के रास्ते इस तरह बाधित कर दिए गए थे कि संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सैन्य दलों का आगे जाना एकदम असम्भव हो गया था। करीब ९ बजे ३/१ गोरखा राइफल्स को यह आदेश दिए गए कि वह एयरपोर्ट के पास के एलिजाबेथ विला के गोल चक्कर का रास्ता साफ करे। इस रास्ते पर विरोधियों के करीब डेढ़ सौ सशस्त्र पुलिस वाले रास्ते को रोकते हुए तैनात थे। योजना यह बनी कि ३/१ गोरखा राइफल्स की चार्ली कम्पनी आयरिश टैंक के दस्ते के साथ अवरोधकों पर हमला करेगी। इस कम्पनी की अगुवाई मेजर गोविन्द शर्मा कर रहे थे। कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया एयरपोर्ट साइट से आयारिश टैंक दस्ते के साथ धावा बोलेंगे इस तरह अवरोधकों को पीछे हटकर हमला करने का मौका न मिल सकेगा। कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया की ए कम्पनी के कुछ जवान रिजर्व में रखे जाएंगे। गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया ने इस कार्रवाई के लिए दोपहर का समय तय किया, जिस समय उन सशस्त्र पुलिसबालों को हमले की जरा भी उम्मीद न हो। गोविन्द शर्मा तथा गुरबचन सिंह दोनों के बीच इस योजना पर सहमति बन गई।


दुश्मन के ४० जवानों को किया ढेर:

कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया ५ दिसम्बर १९६१ को एलिजाबेथ विला के गोल चक्कर पर दोपहर की ताक में बैठे थे कि उन्हें हमला करके उस सशस्त्र पुलिसवालों के व्यूह को तोडऩा है, ताकि फौजें आगे बढ़ सकें। इस बीच गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया अपनी टुकड़ी के साथ अपने तयशुदा ठिकाने पर पहुंचने में कामयाब हो गई। उन्होंने ठीक समय पर अपनी रॉकेट लांचर टीम की मदद से रॉकेट दाग कर दुश्मन की दोनों सशस्त्र कारें नष्ट कर दीं। यही ठीक समय था जब वह सशस्त्र पुलिस के सिपाहियों को तितर-बितर कर सकते थे। उन्हें लगा कि देर करने पर दुश्मन को फिर से संगठित होने का मौका मिल जाएगा। ऐसी नौबत न आने देने के लिए कमर तुरंत कस ली। 


उनके पास केवल सोलह सैनिक थे, जबकि सामने दुश्मन के सौ जवान थे। फिर भी, उनका दल दुश्मन पर टूट पड़ा। आमने-सामने मुठभेड़ होने लगी, जिसमें गोरखा पलटन की खुखरी ने तहलका मचाना शुरू कर दिया। दुश्मन के सौ में से चालीस जवान वहीं ढेर हो गए। दुश्मन के बीच खलबली मच गई और वह बौखला उठा, तभी गुरबचन सिंह गोलियों का निशाना बन गए।


२६ की उम्र में हुए शहीद:


संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ की शांति सेना के साथ कांगो के पक्ष में बेल्जियम के विरुद्ध बहादुरी पूर्वक प्राण न्योछावर करने वाले योद्धाओं में कैप्टन गुरबचन सिंह सलारिया का नाम लिया जाता है, जिन्हें 5

५ दिसम्बर १९६१ को एलिजाबेथ विला में लड़ते हुए अद्भुत पराक्रम दिखाने के लिए मरणोपरांत परमवीर चक्र दिया गया। वह उस समय सिर्फ २६ वर्ष के थे।


PVC Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria




Captain Gurbachan was an Indian Army officer and the only United Nations Peacekeeper to receive the Param Vir Chakra The First of Republic of India.


Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria was an Indian Army officer and the only United Nations Peacekeeper to receive the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military honour.

This is a story of his valour and supreme sacrifice.


His Early Life


Born on 29 November in 1935, Gurbachan was the second of five children born to Munshi Ram and Dhan Devi, from the Salaria Rajput family. Munshi Ramji was a part of the Dogra Squadron of the Hodson's Horse in the British Indian Army. so Gurbachan grew up listening to his tales, and the passion for the military way of life was instilled in him at a very young age. Captain Salaria was mesmerised when he heard the stories of soldiers’ valour and courage from his father. He had decided what he wanted to become after growing up.

A Young Indian Soldier


After the Partition, Salaria's family moved to India and settled in Jangal village in the Gurdaspur district of Punjab.

After passing school, he joined the illustrious King George Royal Indian Military College (Now known as Rashtriya Military School) Bangalore in 1946 and later moved to the King George Royal Military College Jalandhar (Now Rashtriya Military School  Chail in Himachal Pradesh). Capt Gurbachan then went on to join the 9th batch of National Defence Academy at Khadakwasla and subsequently the Indian Military Academy and later become First Param Vir Chakra won by an NDA alumni.


In 1954, he was commissioned into the 2nd battalion of the 3 Gorkha Rifles, where he was given the nickname of ‘Khan Saheb’ from his commanding officer, for his cropped haircut and upturned moustache! 

In 1960, he was, however, transferred to the 3rd battalion of 1 Gorkha Rifles, the same regiment that would get deployed as India’s aid to the UN Peacekeeping Force in Congo.

Assigned to Katanga, which was among the high-tension areas, Gurbachan’s regiment fought against the Katangese troops (gendarmes) under Operation Unokat, after multiple attempts of reconciliation failed between the state and local rebels.

The Congo Crisis and Mission UNOC



In June 1960, the Republic of the Congo became independent from Belgium. But during the first week of July, a mutiny broke out in the Congolese Army and violence erupted between black and white civilians. Belgium sent troops to protect fleeing whites and two areas of the country, Katanga and South Kasai, subsequently seceded with Belgian support. The Congolese government asked the United Nations (UN) for help, and on 14 July 1960, the organisation responded by establishing the United Nations Operation in the Congo.

Two Indian infantry brigades composed of 467 officers, 401 JCOs and 11,354 jawans participated in this peacekeeping mission. A flight of six Canberra Bomber aircrafts of the Indian Airforce were also deployed.

Indian peacekeepers in Congo.



Captain’s Supreme Sacrifice


Things turned intense on December 5, 1961, when the Gorkha regiment was given the task of clearing the roadblock caused by the gendarmes between the Katanga command headquarters and the Elisabethville airfield. On 5 December 1961, the 3rd battalion of 1st Gorkha Rifles when was tasked to clear a roadblock by rebels on the way to Élizabethville Airport at a strategic roundabout. The plan was to launch the first attack by Charlie Company, led by Major Govind Sharma. Captain Salaria, with a platoon from Alpha Company, stationed close to the airport road was supposed to block the rebels and attack them if required. The rest of Alpha Company was kept in reserve.

Captain Salaria and his troops reached the specified location with their armoured personnel carriers. They were positioned around 1,500 yards from the target. His rocket launcher team was soon able to get close enough to the rebels' armoured cars to destroy them. This unforeseen move left the Katangese confused and disorganised. Salaria felt that it was prudent to attack before the rebels reorganised.

“I am going in for attack. I am certain I will win.”Captain Gurbachan’s last words over the radio to another officer

This rifle and helmet marks the spot where Captain Salaria died.

With a small force of 19 he fought against a rebel force of 90 armed men. He charged towards them, engaging in a hand-to-hand kukri assault whilst shouting the Gorkha war cry, "Jai Mahakali, Ayo Gorkhali." Salaria and his men killed 40 rebels. Captain Gurbachan was shot twice in the neck but that did not deter his spirit. The rebels soon disintegrated.

His second-in-command rushed him to the airport hospital in an armoured personnel carrier. However, the captain succumbed to his injuries.

His sacrifice didn’t go in vain, and he was conferred with the Param Vir Chakra posthumously, making him the only defence personnel from both the NDA and UN Peacekeeping Force to earn such an honour.


Param Vir Chakra


For his valour and supreme sacrifice, he posthumously received the Param Vir Chakra, the highest military honour in India.

Here is an excerpt from the citation:

“Captain Salaria killed 40 of the enemy and knocked out the two armoured cars. This unexpected bold action completely demoralised the enemy who fled despite their numerical superiority and protected positions. Captain Salaria was wounded in his neck by a burst of automatic fire but continued to fight till he collapsed due to profuse bleeding. Captain Salaria’s gallant action prevented any enemy movement of the enemy force towards the main battle scene and thus contributed very largely to the success of the main battalion’s action at the roundabout and prevented the encirclement of UN Headquarters in Elizabethville. Captain Salaria subsequently died of his wounds.”


Captain Gurbachan’s supreme sacrifice is etched in history.

The Shipping Corporation of India Ltd (SCI), named fifteen of her Crude Oil Tankers in honour of the Param Vir Chakra recipients. The crude oil tanker named  “Capt. Gurbachan Singh Salaria, PVC” was delivered to SCI on 26-10-1984.


The courageous story of Capt Salaria was immortalized in the 1988 television serial, “Param Vir Chakra” by Chetan Anand. His role was essayed by the actor Brando Bakshi.


A square in NDA has been named as “Salaria Square” in his honour.

A stadium and a park have been set up by 14 Gurkha Training Centre at Subathu in Himachal Pradesh as a tribute to Capt Salaria.

The Army Postal Service issued a special cover on 05 Dec 1992 to honour him.

On his 81st birth anniversary, we pay tribute to Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria and remember the brave young soldier, whose commitment to duty was of a greater priority than his own life.


Monday, May 16, 2016

KSHEMWATA KINGDOM



Kishtwar has a 1,000-year recorded history. Its founded by kshempal its first ruler of Dor tribe who genealogy traced back to ruler of gauda desh (Bengal) who settled here in the period 900-1000 AD. Yet attempts are being made to club it with the Valley when its history and culture are different. 
Kishtwar was one of the important state of the Punjab Hill States since ancient times. Kalhana in his Rajatarangini mentions it as Kshemwata. According to Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, Kishtwar is situated to the south of Kashmir and its distance was 60 kos (120 Miles) from Kashmir in the IInd half of the 16 century some powerful rulers of Kishtwar made it a strong.

Raja KSHEMPAL married and had issue.
GANDHARAB PAL(qv)
Madan PAL
DevaPAL
Raja GANDHARAB PAL, ruled for 14 years.
Raja MAHIPAL
Raja RAMPAL
Raja KARAMPAL
Raja MADAN PAL
Raja BRAHM PAL
Raja UDHAT PAL fl.1088
Raja MATA PAL
Raja GANGA PAL
Raja SANG PAL
Raja RAKH PAL
Raja INDRA PAL
Raja AUTAR PAL
Raja BHOJ PAL
Raja RAI PAL, two petty local rulers succeeded in driving
him out of
his
capital for one year.
Raja DODA PAL
Raja UGAR PAL, added Sartali/Shatali to his state.
Raja MULDAR PAL
Raja LACHMAN SINGH, conquered Dachin in the Maru-Wardwan
Valley.
Raja SANGRAM SINGH fl.1420, conquered Nagsun, adding to his
state.
Raja SANGAR SINGH
Raja MAGAN SINGH
Raja DEVA SINGH
Raja VIR SINGH
Raja NARAIN SINGH

Raja SALHAN SINGH (son), conquered Surur and Bonjwah, adding them to his domains, founded the village of Salhana above Kandani.

Raja RAI SINGH -/c1550, attacked by the Sultan of Kashmir in 1547. Kishtwar Get recognitions around 15 century when under 

Rana Vijai Singh (1550-70) made territorial expansion conquering Saraj on the right bank of the Chinab above Doda. He also build a fort and founded a village name Vijai. He was succeeded by Rana Bahadur Singh

Rana Bahadur Singh (1570-88) accepted sovereignty of Ali Shah Chak of Kashmir. He died in 1588 and was succeeded by his son Rana Partap Singh (1588-1618).

Rana Partap Singh (1588-1618)
Partap Singh ascended the throne of Kishtwar with the title of Bhup Singh in 1605 A.D. In 1606 A.D. MirzaAli Akbar, the Mughal Governor of Kashmir under the order of Emperor Jahangir sent an army under the commands Ahmad Khan, Dilawar Khan and Mirza Mohammad Khan against the Chak rebels who fought near Chatru. Aiba Chak the brother of Yaqub Shah fought on the side of Raja Mughal forces were severely beaten back Mirza Mohammad Khan, along with many soldiers, was killed in the battle field. Mirza Haider Koka met with a crushing defeat and found safety in fleeing away to Kashmir from the scene of disaster. This was second defeat of Mughals at the hands of Kishtwar forces. The Mughal authority was reduced to such an ebb that the Rana ruled almost independently throughout his life.
Henceforth Chaks spent their time peacefully in Kishtwar. Bhup Singh was son-in-law of Raja Sangram Dev of Jammu and Raja Saraj Mal of Dhameri (Nurpur).As such he wielded more power and was dauntless. He gave peace and prosperity to Kishtwar.

Rana Goad Singh (1618-29)

Goad Singh succeeded his father at age of 30. The Mughal Governor of Kashmir was in search of an opportunity to bring Kishtwar under his control and thus avenge the earlier defeat.Aiba Chak and Gohar Chak were encouraging strife in Kishtwar and were a source of great trouble to them. So the relations between the Rana and the governor remained strained from the very beginning. emperor Jahangir, while in Kashmir issued a farman in the 14 year in the name of Raja Sangram Dev of Jammu upon whom parganas of Jammu and its dependencies had been conferred, that he should render assistance to his armies sent to invent Kishtwar and imprison Rana Goad Singh. The emperor ordered Dilawar Khan the governor of Kashmir, to reduce Kishtwar. Dilawar made ample preparation for the invasion of Kishtwar because he was aware of the mountainous terrain, the determination of the Kishtwaris. In first instance he collected a huge force of ten thousand soldiers well equipped. He placed one of his son, Hasan to be incharge of the capital city of Srinagar. Dilawar Khan divided his forces into many contigents. One division advanced by the Marbal Pass, called Singpur in the record, under Dilawar Khan himself; another under the command of Jalal ; a second son and the other officers, by another pass, probably the Sinthan Pass, a third under his eldest son Jamal, acted as advance guard to his own force.
The advanced forces met on the descent from the passes at a place called Narkot and put to fight the Kishtwar army.After a delay of four months and tendays they managed to throw a Jhula, or rope bridge, over the river by night, some distance up, and 200 Afghans crossed and attacked the enemy at early down, taking them completely by surprise one of the soldier came upon the Rana and was about to kill him when he called out “I am the king, take me alive to Dilawar Khan”.
Nasrullah Arab was placed incharge of the state. The Rana was taken to Kashmir in chains and brought before the emperor. Jahangir was favourably impressed with Rana's appearance. He remarks – “He is not wanting in dignity. His dress is after the Indian fashion and he knows both the Hindi and the Kashmiri languages, contrary to the other reminders of these regions he looked like the inhabitant of a town”.
Shortly afterwards news came that an outbreak has taken place in Kishtwar in consequence of harsh treatment to Nasrullah Arab and his force had been destroyed. The out break was suppressed with great difficulty. On receipt of this news of out break the Rana was deported to Delhi and imprisoned in Gwalior Fort, then state prison.
In 1622, Goad Singh was liberated and permitted to return to Kishtwar, on condition of allegiance and tribute and a promise to send his son to court.
After the death of Jahangir, Shahjahan (1628-58) ascended the throne in 1628 A.D. Goad Singh came with the usual tribute, which the emperor, probably than in Kashmir accepted and recognised Jagat Singh as Tika or heir-apparent. Goad Singh was much delighted and distributed a lakh of rupees and clothing, among the needy. When Rana came to his capital, he built good houses and a fine deorhi or anteroom, 27 feel long by 18 feet broad. He also built a place at Bandarkot on the Chinab.
In A.D. 1629 Shah Jahan decided an invasion of the Dakhan and he also accompany the Bhagwan Singh, younger son of Goad Singh, who attracted the notice of the Emperor by his bravery. Goad Singh died inA.D. 1629, and was succeeded by his son Jagat Singh.

Rana Jagat Singh (1629-42)

Some time after his accession Jagat Singh invaded Bhadrwah, and in his absence a force from Balor (Basohli), under Raja Bhupat singh and an officer named Kantak, probably a member of the Balauri a family, advanced upon Kishtwar and captured it. Jagat Singh at once reacted and made every effort to recover his state, but in the end was defeated and killed. This invasion is confirmed by the Balor annals which state that Bhupat singh conquered Kishtwar and brought from there the Linga at Nilakanth which is still worshipped in Basohli. He is said to have planted 'reserved cadars' in Kishtwar.

Raja Bhagwan Singh (A.D. 1642)

On hearing about the death of his elder brother Jagat Singh became much shocked. Bhagwan Singh approached the emperor Shah Jahan for help against his enemy. The emperor issued a farman in the name of governor of Kashmir directing him to help the prince with a strong army for re-occupying his ancestral principality. On his departure Bhagwan Singh was required to leave one as a hostage and he named one, Ghias-ud-Din, who was accepted. The two brothers, Khatris by caste, named Jewan Sen and Kahn-Sen were sent with him to help in the administration and they enjoyed the rank of Khawaja (honourable distination at the Mughal Court). Their descendants still reside in Kishtwar. The Mughal army advanced from Kashmir by the Marbal Pass and having defeated the Basohli forces captured the leader, named Kantak. He was beheaded in the Chaugan. Bhagwan Singh was then installed as Raja, his brother having probably died without issue.
Bhagwan Singh sent mughal army back to Kashmir with presented and Khilats to commemorate the defeat of the Balouria troops the instituated a mela called Kantak Jatra, to be held yearly on the Chaugan. Bhagwan Singh is said to have added Ramban to the State.

Raja Maha Singh (A.D. 1661-74)

This Raja was also known by the name of Mahajan who ascended the gaddi after the death of his father Bhagwan Singh. He had two other brothers, Abhay Singh and Dodha Singh. Abhay Singh had embraced Islam with the title of Islam Yar Khan, probably in the Mughal court where he had been sent as a hostage. He is said to have been just and generous wise and learned and also a poet. Some of his compositions are still extant. He was also well read in the Hindu Shastras and was superior to the Rajas of his time. During his reign Kishtwar enjoyed a great measure of prosperity and the capital had a large population. The following incident is told of him. One year there was no rain and the country suffered from a severe famine. As a remedy for the distress the Raja proceeded to a place called Chauki Kalawa to do obeisance to the God Nilkanth (i.e. Siva). With his face to the east he recited a poem composed by himself in praise to diety, and describing the miserable condition of his subjects, and describing the miserable condition of his subjects.The prayer was heard and as soon as the Raja had finished. His prayer was granted. There was a heavy rainfall fields were watered and the dry land quencbed its thirst. People heaved a sigh of relief. Crops did not fail peace and prosperity was thus restored in the principality.
Sometime after his accession Aurangazeb ordered the Vakil of Kishtwar at the Mughal Court to sent for the Raja. In the meantime the state hostage (Ghias-ud-Din, was thrown into prison. Abdul Qasim, his son, at once set off to Kishtwar to summon the Raja. The Raja however did not comply with the order; but to appease the Emperor's wrath he agreed to build a mosque and employ mullahs from Kashmir with a grant of land for their maintenance.
A large number of civil appointments were also given to Muslims. Abdul Qasim then returned to Delhi and reported all these things to the Emperor. However the Jaya Singh the eldest son of Maha Singh, was also sent to Delhi and was also introduced to the Emperor. He was afterwards permitted to return home and was welcomed with great manifestations of Joy – Ghias-ud-Din continued to act as hostage for the state and on his death one Mahabat Khan was appointed. Mahajan had three sons, named respectively, Jaya Singh, Rama Singh and Sirdar Singh. He ruled only a short period and abdicated the throne in favour of his eldest son Jaya Singh. He himself preferred to live a secluded life.

Raja Jay Singh (A.D. 1674-81)

On the advice of his father Maha Singh he made his younger brother, Ram Singh, Wazir of the State, and appointed Sardar Singh to the commander of the army.
A mosque, Masjid Khawaja Garib already been built during the rule of Raja Maha Singh in the town. During his rule muslims from Kashmir often visited Kishtwar. Some muslim families from Kashmir settled around the mosque. The Raja was suspicious of the Muslim influence. His courtiers also advised him to put a stop to their settlement. Accordingly he issued an order not to permit any muslim visitors to remain longer than a day in the territory, failing which they would be punished.
When this announcement reached the Mughal Court, emperor Aurangzeb called for an explaination of the Raja. To avoid this situation of Jay Singh sent his brother Ram Singh as a hostage to the Mughal Court, in the company with Abdul Qasim, whose father had acted as hostage for the state during Bhagwan Singh's reign. The Raja's youngest brother, Sardar Singh, was not a trustworthy person. He conceived some ill will against his brother. He retired to Kashmir, and being unable to obtain his object, he then proceeded to Delhi and was introduced to the emperor. When Jay Singh heared of this he at once sent his own son Kirat Singh to Delhi. Kishtwar, the capital was then very prosperous and had 4,000 inhabitants.
During the reign of Raja Jay Singh that the famous Sufi saint Syed Mohammad Farid-ud-din Qadri, popularly known as Shah Sahib, came to Kishtwar all along from Bagdad. He was a descendent of Abdul Qadir of that place and under-took his journey in consequence of a dream, in which he was told to go and preach in Kishtwar. He reached India towards the end of Shahjahan's reign and remained some years in Agra and Delhi. On finally arriving at Kishtwar he took up his abode, along with his four companions in the house near the Lakshmi-Narain Temple, which is now the site of his Ziarat or tomb, and a famous place of pilgrimage. Raja Jay Singh is said to have embraced Islam on seeing the miracles performed by the saint, and received the name of Baktiyar Khan. He also started a policy of reconciliation towards the muslims in Kishtwar. He soon afterwords died and was succeeded by his son, Kirat Singh.
Raja Kirat Singh (1681-1728)

Kirat Singh ascended the gaddi of his father after his death. His father Jai Singh abdicated the throne in his favour. Ram Singh, his uncle was appointed as wazir.
Kirat Singh reign witnessed the forcible conversation of the administration as well as a large part of the Hindu, population. As stated earlier, Kirat Singh had been compelled to embrace Islam unwillingly. Aurangzeb recognizes him Raja of Kishtwar probably on condition of his conversion. He received the name of Saadat Yar Khan, and the emperor granted him three lakhs of rupees, an elephant and 60 thousand Kharwars 9 grain.
The following conditions were imposed upon him :
1.No Tax should be put upon muslims, and no one should be molested for embracing islam. 2.The Muslim worship should be performed and the Id festival duty observed. 3.The Hindus should be oppressed and kine killed.
These orders were engrossed in a document and signed by the Raja in the presence of witnesses, the document being made over to Abdul Qasim probably for transmission to the Emperor.At the same time Abdul Qasim was by order of the emperor appointed Qazi to administer justice in the state.
After the above mentioned order the Kishtwaris broke into rebellion and massacred huge number of the muslims. Inayat Ullah, son of Abdul Qasim saved his life by taking refuge with Sayyid Shah Faridud-din. By listening about it Nawab of Kashmir at once sent an army to suppress it. Kirat Singh then returned to Kishtwar and his example in embracing Islam was followed by many of his people.
In 1717 on the message of Sheikh-ul-Islam to Raja on the marriage of his sister, Bhup Devi with the emperor, she was sent to Delhi and married to Farrukhsiyar. She was accompanied by the Raja's younger brother, Mian Muhammad Khan, who received a Khilat and a Jagir of eight villages in Kashmir.
About the marriage Irvine writes, another wife of conclubine, the daughter of the hill Raja of
Kishtwar, entered the royal harem on 24 Rajab 1131 Hijri corresponding to 3 July, 1717. Another th rd
authority refers to the Rajput princess to be a 'gentile women, that is, not muslim. She is said to have become his consort or empress, and this connection caused much scandals among the muslims and was the chief reason why Farrukhsiyar was deposed and murdered. She is said to have been a 'heathen' women like most of the Hindu women married to muslim princes, adhered to the Hindu faith and performed, Hindu rituals in her palace. Even the rulers of Kishtwar though forced to embrace Islam outwardly had retained their reverence for their old faith. Tegh Singh the last ruling chief of Kishtwar though himself a muslim entertained the services of a RajPurohit or family priest and even issued a grant of land to him, and it is probable that this custom had continued unbroken in the family in the time of his predecessors. In 1820 Ranjit Singh granted Jammu as jagir to this Dogra family subject to the condition that they would liquidate Dogra freedom fighter Mian Doda (p.152 & 167 ‘A Short History of Jammu’ by Raj Sukhdev Singh Charak); and punish the King of Kishtwar, Raja Mohammad Tegh Singh, for sheltering Shah Shuja (in 1815), the fugitive Afghan king and the owner of Kohinoor diamond.
Kirat Singh had a long reign of 47 years and was at last assassinated by one, Krishna Padhiar at Gulab Bagh.

Thus during the 17 century despite the efforts of the mughal emperors to annex Kishtwar, its rulers succeeded in maintaining their sovereignity. The Rajas such as Goad Singh, realised that Kishtwaris were capable to resist the domination of the outsiders. When the mughal emperor adopted the policy of persuation the Kishtwari rulers allied with them and accepted sovereignity of the mughals. Kishtwar was one of the Punjab Hill States which succeeded in keeping its political identity.
REFERENCES
1.Hutichison & Vogal : History of Punjab Hill States, (1993). Vol. II,Asian Educational Service. 2.Bamzai, Socio-Economic History of Kashmir, Gulshan Book Publishers (Sgr.) 3.Charak, History of Himalayan States. Vol. V, Light & Life Publishers, Delhi (1978) 4.Pt. Shivji Dhar, Tarikh-i-Kishtwar, Peastan, Srinagar. (1962) 5.Nar singh Dass Nargis, Tarikh-i-Jadid Dodra Desh. (1967) 6.Shivji Dhar,Tarikh-i-Kishtwar, Srinagar. (1969)
7.D.C. Sharma, History and Culture of Kishtwar, Kishtwar. (1955)
8.Jahangir, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri Vol. I & II. Eng. Tr. ByAlexander Roger, Delhi.(1994). 9.Kalhana, Rajatarangini Vol. II. Org. Tr. by M. Stein. Moti Lal Banarsi Dass Publishers, (1989). 10.Frederic Drew: The Jammu and Kashmir Teritories. Oriental Publishers, Delhi. (1971).

Raja AMLUK SINGH [Sa’adatmand Khan] 1728/1771, married and
had
issue.
He died 1771.
Raja MIHR SINGH (qv)
Raja SUJAN SINGH (qv)
Mian Dalel Singh, had descendants in Chamba.
Mian Guman Singh, tried to seize power in 1789, married
and had issue.
Mian Ajit Singh, married and had issue.
Mian Fateh Singh, married and had issue.
Mian Anwar Singh, granted a jagir in Himgari
pargana in Chamba, whose
present
head (1930) is Mian Autar Singh of Himgari-Chamba.
Mian Dalip Singh

Raja MIHR SINGH 1771/1786 [Sa’idmand Khan], married Rani
Vilasamaji and
had issue, one daughter, who was substituted for a boy born at the same
time. He died 1786.
Mian Kundan Singh of Bhadrawah,
appointed
Raja of Kashtwar in 1786 for a short time, by the Raja of Chamba who
had
invaded and occupied Kashtwar, he was displaced and died in Chamba,
where
his descendants still live.

Raja SUJAN SINGH 1786/1787 for 10 months, married and had
issue. He died
1787.
Raja INAYATULLAH SINGH (qv)

Raja PRITHI SINGH 1787/1788, putative son of Raja Mihr
Singh. He died sp
1788.

Raja INAYATULLAH SINGH 1788/1789, married and had issue.
Raja MUHAMMED TEGH SINGH (qv)
Raja LAL DEV of Jammu,
held power for a period of two years 1788/1789
in
opposition to the rightful ruler, a member of the Jammu Royal Family.

Raja GULAB SINGH, held
power for 40 days in 1789, a cousin of the
following.

Raja MUHAMMED TEGH SINGH [Saifullah Khan] 1789/1823,
displaced for a time
by a relative, who was eventually poisoned, gave shelter to the Afghan
ruler, Shah Shuja to 1816, from Maharaja Ranjit Singh, for which the
state
In 1821raja Gulab Singh attacked Kishtwar, took its Raja prisoner and sent him to Lahore where he died through poison given by his servant. Kishtwar eventually served Jammu Kashmir Maharaja Gulab Singh as a springboard to launch his Ladakh campaign.